1 Kings 10:1-13

Solomon Entertains a Queen

10:1 When the queen of Sheba heard about Solomon, ¹  she came to challenge ²  him with difficult questions. ³  10:2 She arrived in Jerusalem ⁴  with a great display of pomp, ⁵  bringing with her camels carrying spices, ⁶  a very large quantity of gold, and precious gems. She visited Solomon and discussed with him everything that was on her mind. 10:3 Solomon answered all her questions; there was no question too complex for the king. ⁷  10:4 When the queen of Sheba saw for herself Solomon’s extensive wisdom, ⁸  the palace ⁹  he had built, 10:5 the food in his banquet hall, ¹⁰  his servants and attendants, ¹¹  their robes, his cupbearers, and his burnt offerings which he presented in the Lord’s temple, she was amazed. ¹²  10:6 She said to the king, “The report I heard in my own country about your wise sayings and insight ¹³  was true! 10:7 I did not believe these things until I came and saw them with my own eyes. Indeed, I didn’t hear even half the story! ¹⁴  Your wisdom and wealth ¹⁵  surpass what was reported to me. 10:8 Your attendants, who stand before you at all times and hear your wise sayings, are truly happy! ¹⁶  10:9 May the Lord your God be praised because he favored ¹⁷  you by placing you on the throne of Israel! Because of the Lord’s eternal love for Israel, he made you king so you could make just and right decisions.” ¹⁸  10:10 She gave the king 120 talents ¹⁹  of gold, a very large quantity of spices, and precious gems. The quantity of spices the queen of Sheba gave King Solomon has never been matched. ²⁰  10:11 (Hiram’s fleet, which carried gold from Ophir, also brought from Ophir a very large quantity of fine timber and precious gems. 10:12 With the timber the king made supports ²¹  for the Lord’s temple and for the royal palace and stringed instruments ²²  for the musicians. No one has seen so much of this fine timber to this very day. ²³ ) 10:13 King Solomon gave the queen of Sheba everything she requested, besides what he had freely offered her. ²⁴  Then she left and returned ²⁵  to her homeland with her attendants.

1 Kings 10:2

10:2 She arrived in Jerusalem ²⁶  with a great display of pomp, ²⁷  bringing with her camels carrying spices, ²⁸  a very large quantity of gold, and precious gems. She visited Solomon and discussed with him everything that was on her mind.

1 Kings 9:1-12

The Lord Gives Solomon a Promise and a Warning

9:1 After Solomon finished building the Lord’s temple, the royal palace, and all the other construction projects he had planned, ²⁹  9:2 the Lord appeared to Solomon a second time, in the same way he had appeared to him at Gibeon. ³⁰  9:3 The Lord said to him, “I have answered ³¹  your prayer and your request for help that you made to me. I have consecrated this temple you built by making it my permanent home; ³²  I will be constantly present there. ³³  9:4 You must serve me with integrity and sincerity, just as your father David did. Do everything I commanded and obey my rules and regulations. ³⁴  9:5 Then I will allow your dynasty to rule over Israel permanently, ³⁵  just as I promised your father David, ‘You will not fail to have a successor on the throne of Israel.’ ³⁶ 

9:6 “But if you or your sons ever turn away from me, fail to obey the regulations and rules I instructed you to keep, ³⁷  and decide to serve and worship other gods, ³⁸  9:7 then I will remove Israel from the land ³⁹  I have given them, I will abandon this temple I have consecrated with my presence, ⁴⁰  and Israel will be mocked and ridiculed ⁴¹  among all the nations. 9:8 This temple will become a heap of ruins; ⁴²  everyone who passes by it will be shocked and will hiss out their scorn, ⁴³  saying, ‘Why did the Lord do this to this land and this temple?’ 9:9 Others will then answer, ⁴⁴  ‘Because they abandoned the Lord their God, who led their ancestors ⁴⁵  out of Egypt. They embraced other gods whom they worshiped and served. ⁴⁶  That is why the Lord has brought all this disaster down on them.’”

Foreign Affairs and Building Projects

9:10 After twenty years, during which Solomon built the Lord’s temple and the royal palace, ⁴⁷  9:11 King Solomon gave King Hiram of Tyre ⁴⁸  twenty cities in the region of Galilee, because Hiram had supplied Solomon with cedars, evergreens, and all the gold he wanted. 9:12 When Hiram went out from Tyre to inspect the cities Solomon had given him, he was not pleased with them. ⁴⁹ 

[10:1]  ¹ tn Heb “the report about Solomon.” The Hebrew text also has, “to the name of the Lord,” which fits very awkwardly in the sentence. If retained, perhaps it should be translated, “because of the reputation of the Lord.” The phrase, which is omitted in the parallel passage in 2 Chr 9:1, may be an addition based on the queen’s declaration of praise to the Lord in v. 9.

[10:1]  ² tn Or “test.”

[10:1]  ³ tn Or “riddles.”

[10:2]  ⁴ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[10:2]  ⁵ tn Heb “with very great strength.” The Hebrew term חַיִל (khayil, “strength”) may refer here to the size of her retinue (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV) or to the great wealth she brought with her.

[10:2]  ⁶ tn Or “balsam oil.”

[10:3]  ⁷ tn Heb “Solomon declared to her all her words; there was not a word hidden from the king which he did not declare to her.” If riddles are specifically in view (see v. 1), then one might translate, “Solomon explained to her all her riddles; there was no riddle too complex for the king.”

[10:4]  ⁸ tn Heb “all the wisdom of Solomon.”

[10:4]  ⁹ tn Heb “house.”

[10:5]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “the food on his table.”

[10:5]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the seating of his servants and the standing of his attendants.”

[10:5]  ¹² tn Heb “there was no breath still in her.”

[10:6]  ¹³ tn Heb “about your words [or perhaps, “deeds”] and your wisdom.”

[10:7]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “the half was not told to me.”

[10:7]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “good.”

[10:8]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “How happy are your men! How happy are these servants of yours, who stand before you continually, who hear your wisdom!”

[10:9]  ¹⁷ tn Or “delighted in.”

[10:9]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “to do justice and righteousness.”

[10:10]  ¹⁹ tn The Hebrew term כִּכָּר (kikkar, “circle”) refers generally to something that is round. When used of metals it can refer to a disk-shaped weight made of the metal or to a standard unit of weight, generally regarded as a talent. Since the accepted weight for a talent of metal is about 75 pounds, this would have amounted to about 9,000 pounds of gold (cf. NCV, NLT); CEV “five tons”; TEV “4,000 kilogrammes.”

[10:10]  ²⁰ tn Heb “there has not come like those spices yet for quantity which the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon.”

[10:12]  ²¹ tn This Hebrew architectural term occurs only here. The meaning is uncertain; some have suggested “banisters” or “parapets”; cf. TEV, NLT “railings.” The parallel passage in 2 Chr 9:11 has a different word, meaning “tracks,” or perhaps “steps.”

[10:12]  ²² tn Two types of stringed instruments are specifically mentioned, the כִּנּוֹר (kinnor, “zither” [?]), and נֶבֶל (nevel, “harp”).

[10:12]  ²³ tn Heb “there has not come thus, the fine timber, and there has not been seen to this day.”

[10:13]  ²⁴ tn Heb “besides what he had given her according to the hand of King Solomon.”

[10:13]  ²⁵ tn Heb “turned and went.”

[10:2]  ²⁶ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[10:2]  ²⁷ tn Heb “with very great strength.” The Hebrew term חַיִל (khayil, “strength”) may refer here to the size of her retinue (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV) or to the great wealth she brought with her.

[10:2]  ²⁸ tn Or “balsam oil.”

[9:1]  ²⁹ tn Heb “and all the desire of Solomon which he wanted to do.”

[9:2]  ³⁰ sn In the same way he had appeared to him at Gibeon. See 1 Kgs 3:5.

[9:3]  ³¹ tn Heb “I have heard.”

[9:3]  ³² tn Heb “by placing my name there perpetually” (or perhaps, “forever”).

[9:3]  ³³ tn Heb “and my eyes and my heart will be there all the days.”

[9:4]  ³⁴ tn Heb “As for you, if you walk before me, as David your father walked, in integrity of heart and in uprightness, by doing all which I commanded you, [and] you keep my rules and my regulations.” Verse 4 is actually a lengthy protasis (“if” section) of a conditional sentence, the apodosis (“then” section) of which appears in v. 5.

[9:5]  ³⁵ tn Heb “I will establish the throne of your kingdom over Israel forever.”

[9:5]  ³⁶ tn Heb “there will not be cut off from you a man from upon the throne of Israel.”

[9:6]  ³⁷ tn Heb “which I placed before you.”

[9:6]  ³⁸ tn Heb “and walk and serve other gods and bow down to them.”

[9:7]  ³⁹ tn Heb “I will cut off Israel from upon the surface of the land.”

[9:7]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “and the temple which I consecrated for my name I will send away from before my face.”

[9:7]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “will become a proverb and a taunt,” that is, a proverbial example of destruction and an object of reproach.

[9:8]  ⁴² tn Heb “and this house will be high [or elevated].” The statement makes little sense in this context, which predicts the desolation that judgment will bring. Some treat the clause as concessive, “Even though this temple is lofty [now].” Others, following the lead of several ancient versions, emend the text to, “this temple will become a heap of ruins.”

[9:8]  ⁴³ tn Heb “hiss,” or perhaps “whistle.” This refers to a derisive sound one would make when taunting an object of ridicule.

[9:9]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “and they will say.”

[9:9]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “fathers.”

[9:9]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “and they took hold of other gods and bowed down to them and served them.”

[9:10]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “the two houses, the house of the Lord and the house of the king.”

[9:11]  ⁴⁸ map For location see Map1 A2; Map2 G2; Map4 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.

[9:12]  ⁴⁹ tn Heb “they were not agreeable in his eyes.”