1 Kings 16:30-33

16:30 Ahab son of Omri did more evil in the sight of ¹  the Lord than all who were before him. 16:31 As if following in the sinful footsteps of Jeroboam son of Nebat were not bad enough, he married Jezebel the daughter of King Ethbaal of the Sidonians. Then he worshiped and bowed to Baal. ²  16:32 He set up an altar for Baal in the temple of Baal he had built in Samaria. 16:33 Ahab also made an Asherah pole; he ³  did more to anger the Lord God of Israel than all the kings of Israel who were before him.

1 Kings 18:4

18:4 When Jezebel was killing ⁴  the Lord’s prophets, Obadiah took one hundred prophets and hid them in two caves in two groups of fifty. He also brought them food and water.)

1 Kings 21:25-26

21:25 (There had never been anyone like Ahab, who was firmly committed ⁵  to doing evil in the sight of ⁶  the Lord, urged on by his wife Jezebel. ⁷  21:26 He was so wicked he worshiped the disgusting idols, ⁸  just like the Amorites ⁹  whom the Lord had driven out from before the Israelites.)

1 Kings 21:2

21:2 Ahab said to Naboth, “Give me your vineyard so I can make a vegetable garden out of it, for it is adjacent to my palace. I will give you an even better vineyard in its place, or if you prefer, ¹⁰  I will pay you silver for it.” ¹¹ 

1 Kings 16:3

16:3 So I am ready to burn up ¹²  Baasha and his family, and make your family ¹³  like the family of Jeroboam son of Nebat.

1 Kings 21:3

21:3 But Naboth replied to Ahab, “The Lord forbid that I should sell you my ancestral inheritance.” ¹⁴ 

Isaiah 9:16

9:16 The leaders of this nation were misleading people,

and the people being led were destroyed. ¹⁵ 

Revelation 2:20

2:20 But I have this against you: You tolerate that ¹⁶  woman ¹⁷  Jezebel, ¹⁸  who calls herself a prophetess, and by her teaching deceives ¹⁹  my servants ²⁰  to commit sexual immorality and to eat food sacrificed to idols. ²¹ 

[16:30]  ¹ tn Heb “in the eyes of.”

[16:31]  ² tn Heb “and he went and served Baal and bowed down to him.”

[16:33]  ³ tn Heb “Ahab”; the proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“he”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[18:4]  ⁴ tn Heb “cutting off.”

[21:25]  ⁵ tn Heb “who sold himself.”

[21:25]  ⁶ tn Heb “in the eyes of.”

[21:25]  ⁷ tn Heb “like Ahab…whom his wife Jezebel incited.”

[21:26]  ⁸ tn The Hebrew word used here, גִלּוּלִים (gillulim) is always used as a disdainful reference to idols. It is generally thought to have originally referred to “dung pellets” (cf. KBL 183 s.v. גִלּוּלִים). It is only one of several terms used in this way, such as אֱלִילִים (’elilim, “worthless things”) and הֲבָלִים (havalim, “vanities” or “empty winds”).

[21:26]  ⁹ tn Heb “He acted very abominably by walking after the disgusting idols, according to all which the Amorites had done.”

[21:2]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “if it is good in your eyes.”

[21:2]  ¹¹ tc The Old Greek translation includes the following words: “And it will be mine as a garden of herbs.”

[16:3]  ¹² tn The traditional view understands the verb בָּעַר (ba’ar) to mean “burn.” However, an alternate view takes בָּעַר (ba’ar) as a homonym meaning “sweep away” (HALOT 146 s.v. II בער). In this case one might translate, “I am ready to sweep away Baasha and his family.” Either metaphor emphasizes the thorough and destructive nature of the coming judgment.

[16:3]  ¹³ tc The Old Greek, Syriac Peshitta, and some mss of the Targum have here “his house.”

[21:3]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “Far be it from me, by the Lord, that I should give the inheritance of my fathers to you.”

[9:16]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and the ones being led were swallowed up.” Instead of taking מְבֻלָּעִים (mÿbulla’im) from בָּלַע (bala’, “to swallow”), HALOT 134 s.v. בלע proposes a rare homonymic root בלע (“confuse”) here.

[2:20]  ¹⁶ tn The Greek article has been translated here with demonstrative force.

[2:20]  ¹⁷ tc The ms evidence for γυναῖκα (gunaika, “woman”) alone includes {א C P 1611 2053 pc lat}. The ms evidence for the addition of “your” (σου, sou) includes A 1006 2351 Ï^K pc sy. With the pronoun, the text reads “your wife, Jezebel” instead of “that woman, Jezebel.” In Revelation, A C are the most important mss, along with א Ì⁴⁷ (which only reads in portions of chapters 9-17) 1006 1611 2053; in this instance, the external evidence slightly favors the shorter reading. But internally, it gains strength. The longer reading implies the idea that the angel in 2:18 is the bishop or leader of the church in Thyatira. The pronoun “your” (σου) is used four times in vv. 19-20 and may have been the cause for the scribe copying it again. Further, once the monarchical episcopate was in vogue (beginning in the 2nd century) scribes might have been prone to add “your” here.

[2:20]  ¹⁸ sn Jezebel was the name of King Ahab’s idolatrous and wicked queen in 1 Kgs 16:31; 18:1-5; 19:1-3; 21:5-24. It is probable that the individual named here was analogous to her prototype in idolatry and immoral behavior, since those are the items singled out for mention.

[2:20]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “teaches and deceives” (διδάσκει καὶ πλανᾷ, didaskei kai plana), a construction in which the first verb appears to specify the means by which the second is accomplished: “by her teaching, deceives…”

[2:20]  ²⁰ tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

[2:20]  ²¹ sn To commit sexual immorality and to eat food sacrificed to idols. Note the conclusions of the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15:29, which specifically prohibits Gentile Christians from engaging in these activities.