1 Kings 5:1-2

Solomon Gathers Building Materials for the Temple

5:1 (5:15) ¹  King Hiram of Tyre ²  sent messengers ³  to Solomon when he heard that he had been anointed king in his father’s place. (Hiram had always been an ally of David.) 5:2 Solomon then sent this message to Hiram:

Amos 1:9

1:9 This is what the Lord says:

“Because Tyre has committed three crimes ⁴  –

make that four! ⁵  – I will not revoke my decree of judgment. ⁶ 

They sold ⁷  a whole community ⁸  to Edom;

they failed to observe ⁹  a treaty of brotherhood. ¹⁰ 

[5:1]  ¹ sn The verse numbers in the English Bible differ from those in the Hebrew text (BHS) here; 5:1-18 in the English Bible corresponds to 5:15-32 in the Hebrew text. See the note at 4:21.

[5:1]  ² map For location see Map1 A2; Map2 G2; Map4 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.

[5:1]  ³ tn Heb “his servants.”

[1:9]  ⁴ tn Traditionally, “transgressions” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV) or “sins” (NIV). For an explanation of the atrocities outlined in this oracle as treaty violations of God’s mandate to Noah in Gen 9:5-7, see the note on the word “violations” in 1:3.

[1:9]  ⁵ tn Heb “Because of three violations of Tyre, even because of four.”

[1:9]  ⁶ tn Heb “I will not bring it [or “him”] back.” The translation understands the pronominal object to refer to the decree of judgment that follows; the referent (the decree) has been specified in the translation for clarity. For another option see the note on the word “judgment” in 1:3.

[1:9]  ⁷ tn Heb “handed over.”

[1:9]  ⁸ tn Heb “[group of] exiles.” A similar phrase occurs in v. 6.

[1:9]  ⁹ tn Heb “did not remember.”

[1:9]  ¹⁰ sn A treaty of brotherhood. In the ancient Near Eastern world familial terms were sometimes used to describe treaty partners. In a treaty between superior and inferior parties, the lord would be called “father” and the subject “son.” The partners in a treaty between equals referred to themselves as “brothers.” For biblical examples, see 1 Kgs 9:13; 20:32-33.