1 Samuel 1:10

1:10 She was very upset ¹  as she prayed to the Lord, and she was weeping uncontrollably. ² 

1 Samuel 30:6

30:6 David was very upset, for the men ³  were thinking of stoning him; ⁴  each man grieved bitterly ⁵  over his sons and daughters. But David drew strength from the Lord his God.

Jude 1:25

1:25 to the only God our Savior through Jesus Christ our Lord, be glory, majesty, power, and authority, before all time, and now, and for all eternity. Amen.

Jude 1:2

1:2 May mercy, peace, and love be lavished on you! ⁶ 

Jude 1:8

1:8 Yet these men, ⁷  as a result of their dreams, ⁸  defile the flesh, reject authority, ⁹  and insult ¹⁰  the glorious ones. ¹¹ 

Proverbs 31:6

31:6 Give strong drink to the one who is perishing, ¹² 

and wine to those who are bitterly distressed; ¹³ 

[1:10]  ¹ tn Heb “she [was in] bitterness of soul.”

[1:10]  ² tn Heb “and weeping, she was weeping.” The infinitive absolute emphasizes the extent of her sorrow. The imperfect verbal form emphasizes the continuation of the action in past time.

[30:6]  ³ tn Heb “people.”

[30:6]  ⁴ tn Heb “said to stone him.”

[30:6]  ⁵ tn Heb “for bitter was the soul of all the people, each one.”

[1:2]  ⁶ tn Grk “may mercy and peace and love be multiplied to you.”

[1:8]  ⁷ tn The reference is now to the false teachers.

[1:8]  ⁸ tn Grk “dreaming.” The participle ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι (enupniazomenoi, “dreaming”) is adverbial to the pronoun οὗτοι (|outoi, “these”), though the particular relationship is not clear. It could mean, “while dreaming,” “by dreaming,” or “because of dreaming.” This translation has adopted the last option as Jude’s meaning, partially for syntactical reasons (the causal participle usually precedes the main verb) and partially for contextual reasons (these false teachers must derive their authority from some source, and the dreams provide the most obvious base). The participle ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι was sometimes used of apocalyptic visions, both of true and false prophets. This seems to be the meaning here.

[1:8]  ⁹ tn Most likely, the authority of the Lord is in view. This verse, then, echoes the indictment of v. 4: “they deny our Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.”

[1:8]  ¹⁰ tn The construction with the three verbs (“defile, “reject,” and “insult”) involves the particles μέν, δέ, δέ (men, de, de). A more literal (and pedantic) translation would be: “on the one hand, they defile the flesh, on the other hand, they reject authority, and on another hand, they insult the glorious ones.”

[1:8]  ¹¹ sn The glorious ones refers to angelic beings rather than mere human beings, just as in 2 Pet 2:10 (on which this passage apparently depends). Whether the angelic beings are good or evil, however, is difficult to tell (hence, the translation is left ambiguous). However, both in 2 Pet 2:11 and here, in Jude 9, the wicked angels seem to be in view (for not even Michael insults them).

[31:6]  ¹² sn Wine and beer should be given to those distressed and dying in order to ease their suffering and help them forget.

[31:6]  ¹³ tn Heb “to the bitter of soul.” The phrase לְמָרֵי נָפֶשׁ (lÿmare nafesh) has been translated “of heavy hearts” (KJV); “in anguish” (NIV); “in misery” (TEV); “in bitter distress” (NRSV); “sorely depressed” (NAB); “in deep depression (NLT); “have lost all hope” (CEV). The word “bitter” (מַר, mar) describes the physical and mental/spiritual suffering as a result of affliction, grief, or suffering – these people are in emotional pain. So the idea of “bitterly distressed” works as well as any other translation.