1 Samuel 16:21

16:21 David came to Saul and stood before him. Saul liked him a great deal, ¹  and he became his armor bearer.

1 Samuel 18:2

18:2 Saul retained David ²  on that day and did not allow him to return to his father’s house.

1 Samuel 18:10

18:10 The next day an evil spirit from God rushed upon Saul and he prophesied within his house. Now David was playing the lyre ³  that day. There was a spear in Saul’s hand,

1 Samuel 18:13

18:13 Saul removed David ⁴  from his presence and made him a commanding officer. ⁵  David led the army out to battle and back. ⁶ 

Genesis 31:2

31:2 When Jacob saw the look on Laban’s face, he could tell his attitude toward him had changed. ⁷ 

Exodus 4:10

4:10 Then Moses said to the Lord, ⁸  “O ⁹  my Lord, ¹⁰  I am not an eloquent man, ¹¹  neither in the past ¹²  nor since you have spoken to your servant, for I am slow of speech and slow of tongue.” ¹³ 

Exodus 4:1

The Source of Sufficiency

4:1 ¹⁴ Moses answered again, ¹⁵  “And if ¹⁶  they do not believe me or pay attention to me, ¹⁷  but say, ‘The Lord has not appeared to you’?”

Exodus 11:2

11:2 Instruct ¹⁸  the people that each man and each woman is to request ¹⁹  from his or her neighbor ²⁰  items of silver and gold.” ²¹ 

Isaiah 30:33

30:33 For ²²  the burial place is already prepared; ²³ 

it has been made deep and wide for the king. ²⁴ 

The firewood is piled high on it. ²⁵ 

The Lord’s breath, like a stream flowing with brimstone,

will ignite it.

[16:21]  ¹ tn Heb “he loved him.”

[18:2]  ² tn Heb “him”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:10]  ³ tn The Hebrew text adds here “with his hand.”

[18:13]  ⁴ tn Heb “him”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:13]  ⁵ tn Heb “an officer of a thousand.”

[18:13]  ⁶ tn Heb “and he went out and came in before the people.” See v. 16.

[31:2]  ⁷ tn Heb “and Jacob saw the face of Laban, and look, he was not with him as formerly.” Jacob knew from the expression on Laban’s face that his attitude toward him had changed – Jacob had become persona non grata.

[4:10]  ⁸ sn Now Moses took up another line of argumentation, the issue of his inability to speak fluently (vv. 10-17). The point here is that God’s servants must yield themselves as instruments to God, the Creator. It makes no difference what character traits they have or what weaknesses they think they have (Moses manages to speak very well) if God is present. If the sovereign God has chosen them, then they have everything that God intended them to have.

[4:10]  ⁹ tn The word בִּי (bi) is a particle of entreaty; it seeks permission to speak and is always followed by “my lord” or “my Lord.” Often rendered “please,” it is “employed in petitions, complaints and excuses” (W. H. C. Propp, Exodus 1–18 [AB], 213).

[4:10]  ¹⁰ tn The designation in Moses’ address is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay), a term of respect and deference such as “lord, master, sir” but pointed as it would be when it represents the tetragrammaton. B. Jacob says since this is the first time Moses spoke directly to Yahweh, he did so hesitatingly (Exodus, 87).

[4:10]  ¹¹ tn When a noun clause is negated with לֹא (lo’), rather than אֵין (’en), there is a special emphasis, since the force of the negative falls on a specific word (GKC 479 §152.d). The expression “eloquent man” is אִישׁ דְּבָרִים (’ish dÿvarim, “a man of words”). The genitive may indicate a man characterized by words or a man who is able to command or control words. Moses apparently is resigned to the fact that he can do the signs, but he knows the signs have to be explained.

[4:10]  ¹² tn Heb “also from yesterday also from three days ago” or “neither since yesterday nor since before that” is idiomatic for “previously” or “in the past.”

[4:10]  ¹³ tn The two expressions are כְבַד־פֶּה (khÿvad peh, “heavy of mouth”), and then כְבַד לָשׁוֹן (khÿvad lashon, “heavy of tongue”). Both use genitives of specification, the mouth and the tongue being what are heavy – slow. “Mouth” and “tongue” are metonymies of cause. Moses is saying that he has a problem speaking well. Perhaps he had been too long at the other side of the desert, or perhaps he was being a little dishonest. At any rate, he has still not captured the meaning of God’s presence. See among other works, J. H. Tigay, “‘Heavy of Mouth’ and ‘Heavy of Tongue’: On Moses’ Speech Difficulty,” BASOR 231 (1978): 57-67.

[4:1]  ¹⁴ sn In chap. 3, the first part of this extensive call, Yahweh promises to deliver his people. At the hesitancy of Moses, God guarantees his presence will be with him, and that assures the success of the mission. But with chap. 4, the second half of the call, the tone changes sharply. Now Moses protests his inadequacies in view of the nature of the task. In many ways, these verses address the question, “Who is sufficient for these things?” There are three basic movements in the passage. The first nine verses tell how God gave Moses signs in case Israel did not believe him (4:1-9). The second section records how God dealt with the speech problem of Moses (4:10-12). And finally, the last section records God’s provision of a helper, someone who could talk well (4:13-17). See also J. E. Hamlin, “The Liberator’s Ordeal: A Study of Exodus 4:1-9,” Rhetorical Criticism [PTMS], 33-42.

[4:1]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and Moses answered and said.”

[4:1]  ¹⁶ tn Or “What if.” The use of הֵן (hen) is unusual here, introducing a conditional idea in the question without a following consequence clause (see Exod 8:22 HT [8:26 ET]; Jer 2:10; 2 Chr 7:13). The Greek has “if not” but adds the clause “what shall I say to them?”

[4:1]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “listen to my voice,” so as to respond positively.

[11:2]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “Speak now in the ears of the people.” The expression is emphatic; it seeks to ensure that the Israelites hear the instruction.

[11:2]  ¹⁹ tn The verb translated “request” is וְיִשְׁאֲלוּ (vÿyish’alu), the Qal jussive: “let them ask.” This is the point introduced in Exod 3:22. The meaning of the verb might be stronger than simply “ask”; it might have something of the idea of “implore” (see also its use in the naming of Samuel, who was “asked” from Yahweh [1 Sam 1:20]).

[11:2]  ²⁰ tn “each man is to request from his neighbor and each woman from her neighbor.”

[11:2]  ²¹ sn See D. Skinner, “Some Major Themes of Exodus,” Mid-America Theological Journal 1 (1977): 31-42.

[30:33]  ²² tn Or “indeed.”

[30:33]  ²³ tc The Hebrew text reads literally, “for arranged from before [or “yesterday”] is [?].” The meaning of תָּפְתֶּה (tafÿteh), which occurs only here, is unknown. The translation above (as with most English versions) assumes an emendation to תֹּפֶת (tofet, “Topheth”; cf. NASB, NIV, NLT) and places the final hey (ה) on the beginning of the next word as an interrogative particle. Topheth was a place near Jerusalem used as a burial ground (see Jer 7:32; 19:11).

[30:33]  ²⁴ tn The Hebrew text reads literally, “Also it is made ready for the king, one makes it deep and wide.” If one takes the final hey (ה) on תָּפְתֶּה (tafÿteh) and prefixes it to גָּם (gam) as an interrogative particle (see the preceding note), one can translate, “Is it also made ready for the king?” In this case the question is rhetorical and expects an emphatic affirmative answer, “Of course it is!”

[30:33]  ²⁵ tn Heb “its pile of wood, fire and wood one makes abundant.”