2 Chronicles 14:12

14:12 The Lord struck down the Cushites before Asa and Judah. The Cushites fled,

Numbers 32:4

32:4 the land that the Lord subdued ¹  before the community of Israel, is ideal for cattle, and your servants have cattle.”

Joshua 11:8

11:8 The Lord handed them over to Israel and they struck them down and chased them all the way to Greater Sidon, ²  Misrephoth Maim, ³  and the Mizpah Valley to the east. They struck them down until no survivors remained.

Jude 1:15

1:15 to execute judgment on ⁴  all, and to convict every person ⁵  of all their thoroughly ungodly deeds ⁶  that they have committed, ⁷  and of all the harsh words that ungodly sinners have spoken against him.” ⁸ 

Jude 1:2

1:2 May mercy, peace, and love be lavished on you! ⁹ 

Jude 1:1

Salutation

1:1 From Jude, ¹⁰  a slave ¹¹  of Jesus Christ and brother of James, ¹²  to those who are called, wrapped in the love of ¹³  God the Father and kept for ¹⁴  Jesus Christ.

Psalms 118:4-7

118:4 Let the loyal followers of the Lord ¹⁵  say,

“Yes, his loyal love endures!”

118:5 In my distress ¹⁶  I cried out to the Lord.

The Lord answered me and put me in a wide open place. ¹⁷ 

118:6 The Lord is on my side, ¹⁸  I am not afraid!

What can people do to me? ¹⁹ 

118:7 The Lord is on my side ²⁰  as my helper. ²¹ 

I look in triumph on those who hate me.

Isaiah 37:36

37:36 The Lord’s messenger ²²  went out and killed 185,000 troops ²³  in the Assyrian camp. When they ²⁴  got up early the next morning, there were all the corpses! ²⁵ 

[32:4]  ¹ tn The verb is the Hiphil perfect of נָכָה (nakhah), a term that can mean “smite, strike, attack, destroy.”

[11:8]  ² map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.

[11:8]  ³ tn The meaning of the Hebrew name “Misrephoth Maim” is perhaps “lime-kilns by the water” (see HALOT 2:641).

[1:15]  ⁴ tn Grk “against” (κατά [kata] + genitive). English usage is satisfied with “on” at this point, but the parallel is lost in the translation to some degree, for the end of v. 15 says that this judgment is meted out on these sinners because they spoke against him (κατά + genitive).

[1:15]  ⁵ tn Or “soul.”

[1:15]  ⁶ tn Grk “of all their works of ungodliness.” The adverb “thoroughly” is part of the following verb “have committed.” See note on verb “committed” later in this verse.

[1:15]  ⁷ tn The verb in Greek does not simply mean “have committed,” but “have committed in an ungodly way.” The verb ἀσεβέω (asebew) is cognate to the noun ἀσέβεια (asebeia, “ungodliness”). There is no easy way to express this in English, since English does not have a single word that means the same thing. Nevertheless, the tenor of v. 15 is plainly seen, regardless of the translation.

[1:15]  ⁸ sn An apparent quotation from 1 En. 1:9. There is some doubt as to whether Jude is actually quoting from the text of 1 Enoch; the text here in Jude differs in some respects from the extant text of this pseudepigraphic book. It is sometimes suggested that Jude may instead have been quoting from oral tradition which had roots older than the written text.

[1:2]  ⁹ tn Grk “may mercy and peace and love be multiplied to you.”

[1:1]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “Judas,” traditionally “Jude” in English versions to distinguish him from the one who betrayed Jesus. The word “From” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.

[1:1]  ¹¹ tn Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times…in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v.). At the same time, perhaps “servant” is apt in that the δοῦλος of Jesus Christ took on that role voluntarily, unlike a slave. The most accurate translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος), in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force.

[1:1]  ¹² sn Although Jude was half-brother of Jesus, he humbly associates himself with James, his full brother. By first calling himself a slave of Jesus Christ, it is evident that he wants no one to place stock in his physical connections. At the same time, he must identify himself further: Since Jude was a common name in the 1st century (two of Jesus’ disciples were so named, including his betrayer), more information was needed, that is to say, brother of James.

[1:1]  ¹³ tn Grk “loved in.” The perfect passive participle suggests that the audience’s relationship to God is not recent; the preposition ἐν (en) before πατρί (patri) could be taken as sphere or instrument (agency is unlikely, however). Another possible translation would be “dear to God.”

[1:1]  ¹⁴ tn Or “by.” Datives of agency are quite rare in the NT (and other ancient Greek), almost always found with a perfect verb. Although this text qualifies, in light of the well-worn idiom of τηρέω (threw) in eschatological contexts, in which God or Christ keeps the believer safe until the parousia (cf. 1 Thess 5:23; 1 Pet 1:4; Rev 3:10; other terms meaning “to guard,” “to keep” are also found in similar eschatological contexts [cf. 2 Thess 3:3; 2 Tim 1:12; 1 Pet 1:5; Jude 24]), it is probably better to understand this verse as having such an eschatological tinge. It is at the same time possible that Jude’s language was intentionally ambiguous, implying both ideas (“kept by Jesus Christ [so that they might be] kept for Jesus Christ”). Elsewhere he displays a certain fondness for wordplays; this may be a hint of things to come.

[118:4]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “fearers of the Lord.” See Ps 15:4.

[118:5]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “from the distress.” The noun מֵצַר (metsar, “straits; distress”) occurs only here and in Lam 1:3. In Ps 116:3 מצר should probably be emended to מְצָדֵי (mÿtsadey, “snares of”).

[118:5]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “the Lord answered me in a wide open place.”

[118:6]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “for me.”

[118:6]  ¹⁹ tn The rhetorical question assumes the answer, “Nothing!” The imperfect is used in a modal sense here, indicating capability or potential. See Ps 56:11.

[118:7]  ²⁰ tn Heb “for me.”

[118:7]  ²¹ tn Heb “among my helpers.” The preposition may indicate identity here, while the plural may be one of majesty or respect.

[37:36]  ²² tn Traditionally, “the angel of the Lord” (so NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

[37:36]  ²³ tn The word “troops” is supplied in the translation for smoothness and clarity.

[37:36]  ²⁴ tn This refers to the Israelites and/or the rest of the Assyrian army.

[37:36]  ²⁵ tn Heb “look, all of them were dead bodies”; NLT “they found corpses everywhere.”