Discovery Box2 Chronicles 21:18-19
Context21:18 After all this happened, the Lord afflicted him with an incurable intestinal disease. 1 21:19 After about two years his intestines came out because of the disease, so that he died a very painful death. 2 His people did not make a bonfire to honor him, as they had done for his ancestors. 3
Job 7:5
Context7:5 My body 4 is clothed 5 with worms 6 and dirty scabs; 7
my skin is broken 8 and festering.
Job 19:26
Context19:26 And after my skin has been destroyed, 9
yet in my flesh 10 I will see God, 11
Isaiah 14:11
Context14:11 Your splendor 12 has been brought down to Sheol,
as well as the sound of your stringed instruments. 13
You lie on a bed of maggots,
with a blanket of worms over you. 14
Isaiah 51:8
Context51:8 For a moth will eat away at them like clothes;
a clothes moth will devour them like wool.
But the vindication I provide 15 will be permanent;
the deliverance I give will last.”
Isaiah 66:24
Context66:24 “They will go out and observe the corpses of those who rebelled against me, for the maggots that eat them will not die, 16 and the fire that consumes them will not die out. 17 All people will find the sight abhorrent.” 18
Mark 9:44-48
Context9:44 [[EMPTY]] 19 9:45 If your foot causes you to sin, cut it off! It is better to enter life lame than to have 20 two feet and be thrown into hell. 9:46 [[EMPTY]] 21 9:47 If your eye causes you to sin, tear it out! 22 It is better to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye than to have 23 two eyes and be thrown into hell, 9:48 where their worm never dies and the fire is never quenched.
[21:18] 1 tn Heb “in his intestines with an illness [for which] there was no healer.”
[21:19] 2 tn Heb “and it was to days from days, and about the time of the going out of the end for the days, two, his intestines came out with his illness and he died in severe illness.”
[21:19] 3 tn Heb “and his people did not make for him a fire, like the fire of his fathers.”
[7:5] 5 tn The implied comparison is vivid: the dirty scabs cover his entire body like a garment – so he is clothed with them.
[7:5] 6 sn The word for “worms” (רִמָּה, rimmah, a collective noun), is usually connected with rotten food (Exod 16:24), or the grave (Isa 14:11). Job’s disease is a malignant ulcer of some kind that causes the rotting of the flesh. One may recall that both Antiochus Epiphanes (2 Macc 9:9) and Herod Agrippa (Acts 12:23) were devoured by such worms in their diseases.
[7:5] 7 tn The text has “clods of dust.” The word גִּישׁ (gish, “dirty scabs”) is a hapax legomenon from גּוּשׁ (gush, “clod”). Driver suggests the word has a medical sense, like “pustules” (G. R. Driver, “Problems in the Hebrew text of Job,” VTSup 3 [1955]: 73) or “scabs” (JB, NEB, NAB, NIV). Driver thinks “clods of dust” is wrong; he repoints “dust” to make a new verb “to cover,” cognate to Arabic, and reads “my flesh is clothed with worms, and scab covers my skin.” This refers to the dirty scabs that crusted over the sores all over his body. The LXX links this with the second half of the verse: “And my body has been covered with loathsome worms, and I waste away, scraping off clods of dirt from my eruption.”
[7:5] 8 tn The meaning of רָגַע (raga’) is also debated here. D. J. A. Clines (Job [WBC], 163) does not think the word can mean “cracked” because scabs show evidence of the sores healing. But E. Dhorme (Job, 100) argues that the usage of the word shows the idea of “splitting, separating, making a break,” or the like. Here then it would mean “my skin splits” and as a result festers. This need not be a reference to the scabs, but to new places. Or it could mean that the scabbing never heals, but is always splitting open.
[19:26] 9 tn This verse on the whole has some serious interpretation problems that have allowed commentators to go in several directions. The verbal clause is “they strike off this,” which is then to be taken as a passive in view of the fact that there is no expressed subject. Some have thought that Job was referring to this life, and that after his disease had done its worst he would see his vindication (see T. J. Meek, “Job 19:25-27,” VT 6 [1956]: 100-103; E. F. Sutcliffe, “Further notes on Job, textual and exegetical,” Bib 31 [1950]: 377; and others). But Job has been clear – he does not expect to live and see his vindication in this life. There are a host of other interpretations that differ greatly from the sense expressed in the MT. Duhm, for example, has “and another shall arise as my witness.” E. Dhorme (Job, 284-85) argues that the vindication comes after death; he emends the verb to get a translation: “and that, behind my skin, I shall stand up.” He explains this to mean that it will be Job in person who will be present at the ultimate drama. But the interpretation is forced, and really unnecessary.
[19:26] 10 tn The Hebrew phrase is “and from my flesh.” This could mean “without my flesh,” i.e., separated from my flesh, or “from my flesh,” i.e., in or with my flesh. The former view is taken by those who think Job’s vindication will come in this life, and who find the idea of a resurrection unlikely to be in Job’s mind. The latter view is taken by those who interpret the preceding line as meaning death and the next verse underscoring that it will be his eye that will see. This would indicate that Job’s faith rises to an unparalleled level at this point.
[19:26] 11 tn H. H. Rowley (Job [NCBC], 140) says, “The text of this verse is so difficult, and any convincing reconstruction is so unlikely, that it seems best not to attempt it.” His words have gone unheeded, even by himself, and rightly so. There seem to be two general interpretations, the details of some words notwithstanding. An honest assessment of the evidence would have to provide both interpretations, albeit still arguing for one. Here Job says he will see God. This at the least means that he will witness his vindication, which it seems clear from the other complaints of Job will occur after his death (it is his blood that must be vindicated). But in what way, exactly, Job will see God is not clarified. In this verse the verb that is used is often used of prophetic visions; but in the next verse the plain word for seeing – with his eye – is used. The fulfillment will be more precise than Job may have understood. Rowley does conclude: “Though there is no full grasping of a belief in a worthwhile Afterlife with God, this passage is a notable landmark in the program toward such a belief.” The difficulty is that Job expects to die – he would like to be vindicated in this life, but is resolved that he will die. (1) Some commentators think that vv. 25 and 26 follow the wish for vindication now; (2) others (traditionally) see it as in the next life. Some of the other interpretations that take a different line are less impressive, such as Kissane’s, “did I but see God…were I to behold God”; or L. Waterman’s translation in the English present, making it a mystic vision in which Job already sees that God is his vindicator (“Note on Job 19:23-27: Job’s Triumph of Faith,” JBL 69 [1950]: 379-80).
[14:11] 12 tn Or “pride” (NCV, CEV); KJV, NIV, NRSV “pomp.”
[14:11] 13 tn Or “harps” (NAB, NIV, NRSV).
[14:11] 14 tn Heb “under you maggots are spread out, and worms are your cover.”
[51:8] 15 tn Heb “my vindication”; many English versions “my righteousness”; NRSV, TEV “my deliverance”; CEV “my victory.”
[66:24] 16 tn Heb “for their worm will not die.”
[66:24] 17 tn Heb “and their fire will not be extinguished.”
[66:24] 18 tn Heb “and they will be an abhorrence to all flesh.”
[9:44] 19 tc Most later
[9:45] 20 tn Grk “than having.”
[9:46] 21 tc See tc note at the end of v. 43.
