2 Kings 21:6

21:6 He passed his son ¹  through the fire ²  and practiced divination and omen reading. He set up a ritual pit to conjure up underworld spirits, and appointed magicians to supervise it. ³  He did a great amount of evil in the sight of the Lord, provoking him to anger. ⁴ 

2 Kings 23:24

23:24 Josiah also got rid of ⁵  the ritual pits used to conjure up spirits, ⁶  the magicians, personal idols, disgusting images, ⁷  and all the detestable idols that had appeared in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem. In this way he carried out the terms of the law ⁸  recorded on the scroll that Hilkiah the priest had discovered in the Lord’s temple.

2 Kings 23:1

The King Institutes Religious Reform

23:1 The king summoned all the leaders of Judah and Jerusalem. ⁹ 

2 Kings 10:13

10:13 Jehu encountered ¹⁰  the relatives ¹¹  of King Ahaziah of Judah. He asked, “Who are you?” They replied, “We are Ahaziah’s relatives. We have come down to see how ¹²  the king’s sons and the queen mother’s sons are doing.”

Isaiah 8:19

Darkness Turns to Light as an Ideal King Arrives

8:19 ¹³ They will say to you, “Seek oracles at the pits used to conjure up underworld spirits, from the magicians who chirp and mutter incantations. ¹⁴  Should people not seek oracles from their gods, by asking the dead about the destiny of the living?” ¹⁵ 

Isaiah 19:3

19:3 The Egyptians will panic, ¹⁶ 

and I will confuse their strategy. ¹⁷ 

They will seek guidance from the idols and from the spirits of the dead,

from the pits used to conjure up underworld spirits, and from the magicians. ¹⁸ 

[21:6]  ¹ tc The LXX has the plural “his sons” here.

[21:6]  ² sn See the note at 2 Kgs 16:3.

[21:6]  ³ tn Heb “and he set up a ritual pit, along with conjurers.” The Hebrew אוֹב (’ov), “ritual pit,” refers to a pit used by a magician to conjure up underworld spirits. In 1 Sam 28:7 the witch of Endor is called a בַעֲלַת אוֹב (ba’alat ’ov), “owner of a ritual pit.” See H. Hoffner, “Second millennium Antecedents to the Hebrew ’OñBù,” JBL 86 (1967), 385-401.

[21:6]  ⁴ tc Heb “and he multiplied doing what is evil in the eyes of the Lord, angering.” The third masculine singular pronominal suffix (“him”) has been accidentally omitted in the MT by haplography (note the vav that immediately follows).

[23:24]  ⁵ tn Here בִּעֵר (bi’er) is not the well attested verb “burn,” but the less common homonym meaning “devastate, sweep away, remove.” See HALOT 146 s.v. בער.

[23:24]  ⁶ sn See the note at 2 Kgs 21:6.

[23:24]  ⁷ sn See the note at 1 Kgs 15:12.

[23:24]  ⁸ tn Heb “carrying out the words of the law.”

[23:1]  ⁹ tn Heb “and the king sent and all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem gathered to him.”

[10:13]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “found.”

[10:13]  ¹¹ tn Or “brothers.”

[10:13]  ¹² tn Heb “for the peace of.”

[8:19]  ¹³ tn It is uncertain if the prophet or the Lord is speaking in vv. 19-22. If the latter, then vv. 19-22 resume the speech recorded in vv. 12-15, after the prophet’s response in vv. 16-18.

[8:19]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “inquire of the ritual pits and of the magicians who chirp and mutter.” The Hebrew word אוֹב (’ov, “ritual pit”) refers to a pit used by a magician to conjure up underworld spirits. In 1 Sam 28:7 the witch of Endor is called a אוֹב-בַּעֲלַת (ba’alat-’ov, “owner of a ritual pit”). See H. Hoffner, “Second Millennium Antecedents to the Hebrew ’OñBù,” JBL 86 (1967): 385-401.

[8:19]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “Should a nation not inquire of its gods on behalf of the living, (by inquiring) of the dead?” These words appear to be a continuation of the quotation begun in the first part of the verse. אֱלֹהָיו (’elohayv) may be translated “its gods” or “its God.” Some take the second half of the verse as the prophet’s (or the Lord’s) rebuke of the people who advise seeking oracles at the ritual pits, but in this case the words “the dead on behalf of the living” are difficult to explain.

[19:3]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and the spirit of Egypt will be laid waste in its midst.”

[19:3]  ¹⁷ tn The verb בָּלַע (bala’, “confuse”) is a homonym of the more common בָּלַע (bala’, “swallow”); see HALOT 135 s.v. I בלע.

[19:3]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “they will inquire of the idols and of the spirits of the dead and of the ritual pits and of the magicians.” Hebrew אוֹב (’ov, “ritual pit”) refers to a pit used by a magician to conjure up underworld spirits. See the note on “incantations” in 8:19.