2 Samuel 16:3

16:3 The king asked, “Where is your master’s grandson?” ¹  Ziba replied to the king, “He remains in Jerusalem, ²  for he said, ‘Today the house of Israel will give back to me my grandfather’s ³  kingdom.’”

Exodus 20:16

20:16 “You shall not give ⁴  false testimony ⁵  against your neighbor.

Psalms 15:3

15:3 He ⁶  does not slander, ⁷ 

or do harm to others, ⁸ 

or insult his neighbor. ⁹ 

Psalms 101:5

101:5 I will destroy anyone who slanders his neighbor in secret.

I will not tolerate anyone who has a cocky demeanor and an arrogant attitude. ¹⁰ 

Jeremiah 9:4

9:4 Everyone must be on his guard around his friends.

He must not even trust any of his relatives. ¹¹ 

For every one of them will find some way to cheat him. ¹² 

And all of his friends will tell lies about him.

[16:3]  ¹ tn Heb “son.”

[16:3]  ² map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[16:3]  ³ tn Heb “my father’s.”

[20:16]  ⁴ tn Heb “answer” as in a court of law.

[20:16]  ⁵ tn The expression עֵד שָׁקֶר (’ed shaqer) means “a lying witness” (B. S. Childs, Exodus [OTL], 388). In this verse the noun is an adverbial accusative, “you will not answer as a lying witness.” The prohibition is against perjury. While the precise reference would be to legal proceedings, the law probably had a broader application to lying about other people in general (see Lev 5:1; Hos 4:2).

[15:3]  ⁶ sn Hebrew literature often assumes and reflects the male-oriented perspective of ancient Israelite society. The principle of the psalm is certainly applicable to all people, regardless of their gender or age.

[15:3]  ⁷ tn Heb “he does not slander upon his tongue.” For another example of רָגַל (ragal, “slander”) see 2 Sam 19:28.

[15:3]  ⁸ tn Or “his fellow.”

[15:3]  ⁹ tn Heb “and he does not lift up an insult against one who is near to him.”

[101:5]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “[one who has] pride of eyes and wideness [i.e., arrogance] of heart, him I will not endure.”

[9:4]  ¹¹ tn Heb “Be on your guard…Do not trust.” The verbs are second masculine plural of direct address and there seems no way to translate literally and not give the mistaken impression that Jeremiah is being addressed. This is another example of the tendency in Hebrew style to turn from description to direct address (a figure of speech called apostrophe).

[9:4]  ¹² tn Heb “cheating, each of them will cheat.”