2 Samuel 23:13-14

23:13 At the time of ¹  the harvest three ²  of the thirty leaders went down to ³  David at the cave of Adullam. A band of Philistines was camped in the valley of Rephaim. 23:14 David was in the stronghold at the time, while a Philistine garrison was in Bethlehem. ⁴ 

2 Samuel 23:1

David’s Final Words

23:1 These are the final words of David:

“The oracle of David son of Jesse,

the oracle of the man raised up as

the ruler chosen by the God of Jacob, ⁵ 

Israel’s beloved ⁶  singer of songs:

2 Samuel 12:16

12:16 Then David prayed to ⁷  God for the child and fasted. ⁸  He would even ⁹  go and spend the night lying on the ground.

[23:13]  ¹ tn The meaning of Hebrew אֶל־קָצִיר (’el qatsir) seems here to be “at the time of harvest,” although this is an unusual use of the phrase. As S. R. Driver points out, this preposition does not normally have the temporal sense of “in” or “during” (S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text and the Topography of the Books of Samuel, 366).

[23:13]  ² tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss in reading שְׁלֹשָׁה (shÿloshah, “three”) rather than the Kethib of the MT שְׁלֹשִׁים (shÿloshim, “thirty”). “Thirty” is due to dittography of the following word and makes no sense in the context.

[23:13]  ³ tn Heb “went down…and approached.”

[23:14]  ⁴ map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.

[23:1]  ⁵ tn Heb “the anointed one of the God of Jacob.”

[23:1]  ⁶ tn Or “pleasant.”

[12:16]  ⁷ tn Heb “sought” or “searched for.”

[12:16]  ⁸ tn Heb “and David fasted.”

[12:16]  ⁹ tn The three Hebrew verbs that follow in this verse are perfects with prefixed vav. They may describe repeated past actions or actions which accompanied David’s praying and fasting.