2 Samuel 8:3

8:3 David defeated King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah when he came to reestablish ¹  his authority ²  over the Euphrates ³  River.

2 Samuel 8:12-13

8:12 including ⁴  Aram, ⁵  Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amelek. This also included some of the plunder taken from ⁶  King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah.

8:13 David became famous ⁷  when he returned from defeating the Arameans ⁸  in the Valley of Salt, he defeated ⁹  18,000 in all.

2 Samuel 10:16

10:16 Then Hadadezer sent for Arameans from ¹⁰  beyond the Euphrates River, ¹¹  and they came to Helam. Shobach, the general in command of Hadadezer’s army, led them. ¹² 

2 Samuel 10:1

David and the Ammonites

10:1 Later the king of the Ammonites died and his son Hanun succeeded him. ¹³ 

2 Samuel 18:3

18:3 But the soldiers replied, ¹⁴  “You should not do this! ¹⁵  For if we should have to make a rapid retreat, they won’t be too concerned about us. ¹⁶  Even if half of us should die, they won’t be too concerned about us. But you ¹⁷  are like ten thousand of us! So it is better if you remain in the city for support.”

2 Samuel 18:12-13

18:12 The man replied to Joab, “Even if ¹⁸  I were receiving ¹⁹  a thousand pieces of silver, ²⁰  I would not strike ²¹  the king’s son! In our very presence ²²  the king gave this order to you and Abishai and Ittai, ‘Protect the young man Absalom for my sake.’ ²³  18:13 If I had acted at risk of my own life ²⁴  – and nothing is hidden from the king! – you would have abandoned me.” ²⁵ 

2 Samuel 19:16-19

19:16 Shimei son of Gera the Benjaminite from Bahurim came down quickly with the men of Judah to meet King David. 19:17 There were a thousand men from Benjamin with him, along with Ziba the servant ²⁶  of Saul’s household, and with him his fifteen sons and twenty servants. They hurriedly crossed ²⁷  the Jordan within sight of the king. 19:18 They crossed at the ford in order to help the king’s household cross and to do whatever he thought appropriate.

Now after he had crossed the Jordan, Shimei son of Gera threw himself down before the king. 19:19 He said to the king, “Don’t think badly of me, my lord, and don’t recall the sin of your servant on the day when you, my lord the king, left ²⁸  Jerusalem! ²⁹  Please don’t call it to mind!

[8:3]  ¹ tc The LXX has ἐπιστῆσαι (episthsai, “cause to stand”). See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:3.

[8:3]  ² tn Heb “hand.”

[8:3]  ³ tn The MT does not have the name “Euphrates” in the text. It is supplied in the margin (Qere) as one of ten places where the Masoretes believed that something was “to be read although it was not written” in the text as they had received it. The ancient versions (LXX, Syriac Peshitta, Vulgate) include the word. See also the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:3.

[8:12]  ⁴ tn Heb “from.”

[8:12]  ⁵ tc The present translation follows the MT; a few Hebrew mss along with the LXX and Syriac read “Edom” (cf. 2 Sam 8:14 and 1 Chr 18:11). Many modern English versions read “Edom” here (e.g., NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

[8:12]  ⁶ tn Heb “and from the plunder of.”

[8:13]  ⁷ tn Heb “made a name.”

[8:13]  ⁸ tn So NASB, NCV; NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “Edomites” (see the note on “Aram” in v. 12).

[8:13]  ⁹ tn The words “he defeated” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[10:16]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and Hadadezer sent and brought out Aram which is.”

[10:16]  ¹¹ tn Heb “from beyond the River.” The name “Euphrates” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[10:16]  ¹² tn Heb “was before them.”

[10:1]  ¹³ tn Heb “reigned in his place.”

[18:3]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “the people said.”

[18:3]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “march out.”

[18:3]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “they will not place to us heart.”

[18:3]  ¹⁷ tc The translation follows the LXX (except for the Lucianic recension), Symmachus, and Vulgate in reading אָתָּה (’atta, “you”) rather than MT עָתָּה (’atta, “now”).

[18:12]  ¹⁸ tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss in reading וְלוּ (vÿlu, “and if”) rather than MT וְלֹא (vÿlo’, “and not”).

[18:12]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “weighing out in my hand.”

[18:12]  ²⁰ tn Heb “a thousand [shekels] of silver.” This would have been about 25 pounds (11.4 kg) of silver by weight.

[18:12]  ²¹ tn Heb “extend my hand against.”

[18:12]  ²² tn Heb “in our ears.”

[18:12]  ²³ tc The Hebrew text is very difficult here. The MT reads מִי (mi, “who”), apparently yielding the following sense: “Show care, whoever you might be, for the youth Absalom.” The Syriac Peshitta reads li (“for me”), the Hebrew counterpart of which may also lie behind the LXX rendering μοι (moi, “for me”). This reading seems preferable here, since it restores sense to the passage and most easily explains the rise of the variant.

[18:13]  ²⁴ tc The translation follows the Qere, many medieval Hebrew mss, and a number of the ancient versions in reading בְנַפְשִׁי (vÿnafshi, “against my life”) rather than the MT בְנַפְשׁוֹ (vÿnafsho, “against his life”).

[18:13]  ²⁵ tn Heb “stood aloof.”

[19:17]  ²⁶ tn Heb “youth.”

[19:17]  ²⁷ tn Heb “rushed into.”

[19:19]  ²⁸ tn Though this verb in the MT is 3rd person masculine singular, it should probably be read as 2nd person masculine singular. It is one of fifteen places where the Masoretes placed a dot over each of the letters of the word in question in order to call attention to their suspicion of the word. Their concern in this case apparently had to do with the fact that this verb and the two preceding verbs alternate from third person to second and back again to third. Words marked in this way in Hebrew manuscripts or printed editions are said to have puncta extrordinaria, or “extraordinary points.”

[19:19]  ²⁹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.