Acts 16:20-22

16:20 When ¹  they had brought them ²  before the magistrates, they said, “These men are throwing our city into confusion. ³  They are ⁴  Jews 16:21 and are advocating ⁵  customs that are not lawful for us to accept ⁶  or practice, ⁷  since we are ⁸  Romans.”

16:22 The crowd joined the attack ⁹  against them, and the magistrates tore the clothes ¹⁰  off Paul and Silas ¹¹  and ordered them to be beaten with rods. ¹² 

Acts 19:29

19:29 The ¹³  city was filled with the uproar, ¹⁴  and the crowd ¹⁵  rushed to the theater ¹⁶  together, ¹⁷  dragging with them Gaius and Aristarchus, the Macedonians who were Paul’s traveling companions.

Acts 26:21

26:21 For this reason the Jews seized me in the temple courts ¹⁸  and were trying to kill me.

Matthew 2:3

2:3 When King Herod ¹⁹  heard this he was alarmed, and all Jerusalem with him.

Matthew 21:10

21:10 As he entered Jerusalem the whole city was thrown into an uproar, ²⁰  saying, “Who is this?”

[16:20]  ¹ tn Grk “And when.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[16:20]  ² tn Grk “having brought them.” The participle ἐπιλαβόμενοι (epilabomenoi) has been taken temporally. It is also possible in English to translate this participle as a finite verb: “they brought them before the magistrates and said.”

[16:20]  ³ tn BDAG 309 s.v. ἐκταράσσω has “agitate, cause trouble to, throw into confusion” for the meaning of this verb.

[16:20]  ⁴ tn Grk “being Jews, and they are proclaiming.” The participle ὑπάρχοντες (Juparconte") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[16:21]  ⁵ tn Grk “proclaiming,” but in relation to customs, “advocating” is a closer approximation to the meaning.

[16:21]  ⁶ tn Or “acknowledge.”

[16:21]  ⁷ sn Customs that are not lawful for us to accept or practice. Ironically, the charges are similar to those made against Jesus in Luke 23:2, where Jews argued he was “twisting” their customs. The charge has three elements: (1) a racial element (Jewish); (2) a social element (unlawful); and (3) a traditional element (not their customs).

[16:21]  ⁸ tn Grk “we being Romans.” The participle οὖσιν (ousin) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.

[16:22]  ⁹ tn L&N 39.50 has “the crowd joined the attack against them” for συνεπέστη (sunepesth) in this verse.

[16:22]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “tearing the clothes off them, the magistrates ordered.” The participle περιρήξαντες (perirhxante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. Although it may be possible to understand the aorist active participle περιρήξαντες in a causative sense (“the magistrates caused the clothes to be torn off Paul and Silas”) in the mob scene that was taking place, it is also possible that the magistrates themselves actively participated. This act was done to prepare them for a public flogging (2 Cor 11:25; 1 Thess 2:2).

[16:22]  ¹¹ tn Grk “off them”; the referents (Paul and Silas) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

[16:22]  ¹² tn The infinitive ῥαβδίζειν (rJabdizein) means “to beat with rods or sticks” (as opposed to fists or clubs, BDAG 902 s.v. ῥαβδίζω).

[19:29]  ¹³ tn Grk “And the.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[19:29]  ¹⁴ tn L&N 39.43 has “‘the uproar spread throughout the whole city’ (literally ‘the city was filled with uproar’) Ac 19:29.” BDAG 954 s.v. σύγχυσις has “confusion, tumult.”

[19:29]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “they”; the referent (the crowd) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[19:29]  ¹⁶ sn To the theater. This location made the event a public spectacle. The Grand Theater in Ephesus (still standing today) stood facing down the main thoroughfare of the city toward the docks. It had a seating capacity of 25,000.

[19:29]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “to the theater with one accord.”

[26:21]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “in the temple.” This is actually a reference to the courts surrounding the temple proper, and has been translated accordingly.

[2:3]  ¹⁹ sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1.

[21:10]  ²⁰ tn Grk “was shaken.” The translation “thrown into an uproar” is given by L&N 25.233.