Daniel 8:13

8:13 Then I heard a holy one ¹  speaking. Another holy one said to the one who was speaking, “To what period of time does the vision pertain – this vision concerning the daily sacrifice and the destructive act of rebellion and the giving over of both the sanctuary and army to be trampled?”

Daniel 9:27

9:27 He will confirm a covenant with many for one week. ² 

But in the middle of that week

he will bring sacrifices and offerings to a halt.

On the wing ³  of abominations will come ⁴  one who destroys,

until the decreed end is poured out on the one who destroys.”

Daniel 12:11

12:11 From the time that the daily sacrifice is removed and the abomination that causes desolation is set in place, ⁵  there are 1,290 days.

Matthew 24:15-28

The Abomination of Desolation

24:15 “So when you see the abomination of desolation ⁶  – spoken about by Daniel the prophet – standing in the holy place (let the reader understand), 24:16 then those in Judea must flee ⁷  to the mountains. 24:17 The one on the roof ⁸  must not come down ⁹  to take anything out of his house, 24:18 and the one in the field must not turn back to get his cloak. 24:19 Woe ¹⁰  to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing their babies in those days! 24:20 Pray ¹¹  that your flight may not be in winter or on a Sabbath. 24:21 For then there will be great suffering ¹²  unlike anything that has happened ¹³  from the beginning of the world until now, or ever will happen. 24:22 And if those days had not been cut short, no one would be saved. But for the sake of the elect those days will be cut short. 24:23 Then if anyone says to you, ‘Look, here is the Christ!’ ¹⁴  or ‘There he is!’ do not believe him. 24:24 For false messiahs ¹⁵  and false prophets will appear and perform great signs and wonders to deceive, if possible, even the elect. 24:25 Remember, ¹⁶  I have told you ahead of time. 24:26 So then, if someone ¹⁷  says to you, ‘Look, he is in the wilderness,’ ¹⁸  do not go out, or ‘Look, he is in the inner rooms,’ do not believe him. 24:27 For just like the lightning ¹⁹  comes from the east and flashes to the west, so the coming of the Son of Man will be. 24:28 Wherever the corpse is, there the vultures ²⁰  will gather. ²¹ 

Luke 21:20-22

The Desolation of Jerusalem

21:20 “But when you see Jerusalem ²²  surrounded ²³  by armies, then know that its ²⁴  desolation ²⁵  has come near. 21:21 Then those who are in Judea must flee ²⁶  to the mountains. Those ²⁷  who are inside the city must depart. Those ²⁸  who are out in the country must not enter it, 21:22 because these are days of vengeance, ²⁹  to fulfill ³⁰  all that is written.

[8:13]  ¹ sn The holy one referred to here is presumably an angel. Cf. 4:13[10], 23 [20].

[9:27]  ² tn Heb “one seven” (also later in this line).

[9:27]  ³ tn The referent of the Hebrew word כְּנַף (kÿnaf, “wing”) is unclear here. The LXX and Theodotion have “the temple.” Some English versions (e.g., NAB, NIV) take this to mean “a wing of the temple,” but this is not clear.

[9:27]  ⁴ tn The Hebrew text does not have this verb, but it has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[12:11]  ⁵ tn Heb “to give.”

[24:15]  ⁶ sn The reference to the abomination of desolation is an allusion to Dan 9:27. Though some have seen the fulfillment of Daniel’s prophecy in the actions of Antiochus IV (or a representative of his) in 167 b.c., the words of Jesus seem to indicate that Antiochus was not the final fulfillment, but that there was (from Jesus’ perspective) still another fulfillment yet to come. Some argue that this was realized in a.d. 70, while others claim that it refers specifically to Antichrist and will not be fully realized until the period of the great tribulation at the end of the age (cf. Mark 13:14, 19, 24; Rev 3:10).

[24:16]  ⁷ sn Fleeing to the mountains is a key OT image: Gen 19:17; Judg 6:2; Isa 15:5; Jer 16:16; Zech 14:5.

[24:17]  ⁸ sn On the roof. Most of the roofs in the NT were flat roofs made of pounded dirt, sometimes mixed with lime or stones, supported by heavy wooden beams. They generally had an easy means of access, either a sturdy wooden ladder or stone stairway, sometimes on the outside of the house.

[24:17]  ⁹ sn The swiftness and devastation of the judgment will require a swift escape. There will be no time to come down from the roof and pick up anything from inside one’s home.

[24:19]  ¹⁰ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[24:20]  ¹¹ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[24:21]  ¹² tn Traditionally, “great tribulation.”

[24:21]  ¹³ sn Suffering unlike anything that has happened. Some refer this event to the destruction of Jerusalem in a.d. 70. While the events of a.d. 70 may reflect somewhat the comments Jesus makes here, the reference to the scope and severity of this judgment strongly suggest that much more is in view. Most likely Jesus is referring to the great end-time judgment on Jerusalem in the great tribulation.

[24:23]  ¹⁴ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[24:24]  ¹⁵ tn Or “false christs”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[24:25]  ¹⁶ tn Or “Pay attention!” Grk “Behold.”

[24:26]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “they say.” The third person plural is used here as an indefinite and translated “someone” (ExSyn 402).

[24:26]  ¹⁸ tn Or “in the desert.”

[24:27]  ¹⁹ sn The Son of Man’s coming in power will be sudden and obvious like lightning. No one will need to point it out.

[24:28]  ²⁰ tn The same Greek term can refer to “eagles” or “vultures” (L&N 4.42; BDAG 22 s.v. ἀετός), but in this context it must mean vultures because the gruesome image is one of dead bodies being consumed by scavengers.

[24:28]  ²¹ tn Grk “will be gathered.” The passive construction has been translated as an active one in English.

[21:20]  ²² map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[21:20]  ²³ sn See Luke 19:41-44. This passage refers to the events associated with the fall of Jerusalem, when the city is surrounded by armies.

[21:20]  ²⁴ tn Grk “her,” referring to the city of Jerusalem (the name “Jerusalem” in Greek is a feminine noun).

[21:20]  ²⁵ sn The phrase its desolation is a reference to the fall of the city, which is the only antecedent present in Luke’s account. The parallels to this in Matt 24:15 and Mark 13:14 refer to the temple’s desolation, though Matthew’s allusion is clearer. They focus on the parallel events of the end, not on the short term realization in a.d. 70. The entire passage has a prophetic “two events in one” typology, where the near term destruction (a.d. 70) is like the end. So the evangelists could choose to focus on the near time realization (Luke) or on its long term fulfillment, which mirrors it (Matthew, Mark).

[21:21]  ²⁶ sn Fleeing to the mountains is a key OT image: Gen 19:17; Judg 6:2; Isa 15:5; Jer 16:16; Zech 14:5.

[21:21]  ²⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[21:21]  ²⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[21:22]  ²⁹ tn Or “of punishment.” This is a time of judgment.

[21:22]  ³⁰ tn The passive construction with the infinitive πλησθῆναι (plhsqhnai) has been translated as an active construction for simplicity, in keeping with contemporary English style.