Daniel 1:7

1:7 But the overseer of the court officials renamed them. He gave ¹  Daniel the name Belteshazzar, Hananiah he named Shadrach, Mishael he named Meshach, and Azariah he named Abednego. ² 

Daniel 5:12

5:12 Thus there was found in this man Daniel, whom the king renamed Belteshazzar, an extraordinary spirit, knowledge, and skill to interpret ³  dreams, solve riddles, and decipher knotty problems. ⁴  Now summon ⁵  Daniel, and he will disclose the interpretation.”

Isaiah 46:1

The Lord Carries His People

46:1 Bel ⁶  kneels down,

Nebo ⁷  bends low.

Their images weigh down animals and beasts. ⁸ 

Your heavy images are burdensome to tired animals. ⁹ 

Jeremiah 50:2

50:2 “Announce ¹⁰  the news among the nations! Proclaim it!

Signal for people to pay attention! ¹¹ 

Declare the news! Do not hide it! Say:

‘Babylon will be captured.

Bel ¹²  will be put to shame.

Marduk will be dismayed.

Babylon’s idols will be put to shame.

Her disgusting images ¹³  will be dismayed. ¹⁴ 

[1:7]  ¹ tc The LXX and Vulgate lack the verb here.

[1:7]  ² sn The meanings of the Babylonian names are more conjectural than is the case with the Hebrew names. The probable etymologies are as follows: Belteshazzar means “protect his life,” although the MT vocalization may suggest “Belti, protect the king” (cf. Dan 4:8); Shadrach perhaps means “command of Aku”; Meshach is of uncertain meaning; Abednego means “servant of Nego.” Assigning Babylonian names to the Hebrew youths may have been an attempt to erase from their memory their Israelite heritage.

[5:12]  ³ tc The translation reads מִפְשַׁר (mifshar) rather than the MT מְפַשַּׁר (mÿfashar) and later in the verse reads וּמִשְׁרֵא (mishre’) rather than the MT וּמְשָׁרֵא (mÿshare’). The Masoretes have understood these Aramaic forms to be participles, but they are more likely to be vocalized as infinitives. As such, they have an epexegetical function in the syntax of their clause.

[5:12]  ⁴ tn Aram “to loose knots.”

[5:12]  ⁵ tn Aram “let [Daniel] be summoned.”

[46:1]  ⁶ sn Bel was the name of a Babylonian god. The name was originally associated with Enlil, but later was applied to Marduk. See HALOT 132 s.v. בֵּל.

[46:1]  ⁷ sn Nebo is a variation of the name of the Babylonian god Nabu.

[46:1]  ⁸ tn Heb “their images belong to animals and beasts”; NIV “their idols are borne by beasts of burden”; NLT “are being hauled away.”

[46:1]  ⁹ tn Heb “your loads are carried [as] a burden by a weary [animal].”

[50:2]  ¹⁰ tn The verbs are masculine plural. Jeremiah is calling on other unnamed messengers to spread the news.

[50:2]  ¹¹ tn Heb “Raise a signal flag.”

[50:2]  ¹² sn Bel was originally the name or title applied to the Sumerian storm god. During the height of Babylon’s power it became a title that was applied to Marduk who was Babylon’s chief deity. As a title it means “Lord.” Here it is a poetical parallel reference to Marduk mentioned in the next line.

[50:2]  ¹³ tn The Hebrew word used here (גִּלּוּלִים, gillulim) is always used as a disdainful reference to idols. It is generally thought to have originally referred to “dung pellets” (cf. KBL 183 s.v. גִלּוּלִים). It is only one of several terms used in this way, such as “worthless things” (אַלִילִים, ’alilim), “vanities,” or “empty winds” (הֲבָלִים, havalim).

[50:2]  ¹⁴ tn The verbs here are all in the tense that views the actions as though they were already done (the Hebrew prophetic perfect). The verbs in the next verse are a mixture of prophetic perfects and imperfects which announce future actions.