Daniel 11:8-9

11:8 He will also take their gods into captivity to Egypt, along with their cast images and prized utensils of silver and gold. Then he will withdraw for some years from ¹  the king of the north. 11:9 Then the king of the north ²  will advance against the empire of the king of the south, but will withdraw to his own land.

Daniel 11:11

11:11 “Then the king of the south ³  will be enraged and will march out to fight against the king of the north, who will also muster a large army, but that army will be delivered into his hand.

Daniel 11:14

11:14 “In those times many will oppose ⁴  the king of the south. ⁵  Those who are violent ⁶  among your own people will rise up in confirmation of ⁷  the vision, but they will falter.

Daniel 11:25

11:25 He will rouse his strength and enthusiasm ⁸  against the king of the south ⁹  with a large army. The king of the south will wage war with a large and very powerful army, but he will not be able to prevail because of the plans devised against him.

Daniel 11:40

11:40 “At the time of the end the king of the south will attack ¹⁰  him. Then the king of the north will storm against him ¹¹  with chariots, horsemen, and a large armada of ships. ¹²  He ¹³  will invade lands, passing through them like an overflowing river. ¹⁴ 

[11:8]  ¹ tn The Hebrew preposition מִן (min) is used here with the verb עָמַד (’amad, “to stand”). It probably has a sense of separation (“stand away from”), although it may also be understood in an adversative sense (“stand against”).

[11:9]  ² tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:11]  ³ sn This king of the south refers to Ptolemy IV Philopator (ca. 221-204 B.C.).

[11:14]  ⁴ tn Heb “stand against.”

[11:14]  ⁵ sn This was Ptolemy V Epiphanes (ca. 203-181 B.C.).

[11:14]  ⁶ tn Heb “sons of violence.” “Son(s) is sometimes used idiomatically in Hebrew to indicate that someone is characterized by a certain quality. So the expression “sons of violence” means that these individuals will be characterized by violent deeds.

[11:14]  ⁷ tn Heb “to cause to stand.”

[11:25]  ⁸ tn Heb “heart.”

[11:25]  ⁹ sn This king of the south was Ptolemy Philometer (ca. 181-145 B.C.).

[11:40]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “engage in thrusting.”

[11:40]  ¹¹ tn The referent of the pronoun is most likely the king of the south, in which case the text describes the king of the north countering the attack of the king of the south.

[11:40]  ¹² tn Heb “many ships.”

[11:40]  ¹³ tn This most likely refers to the king of the north who, in response to the aggression of the king of the south, launches an invasion of the southern regions.

[11:40]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and will overflow and pass over.”