Daniel 2:37-38

Daniel Interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream

2:37 “You, O king, are the king of kings. The God of heaven has granted you sovereignty, power, strength, and honor. 2:38 Wherever human beings, ¹  wild animals, ²  and birds of the sky live – he has given them into your power. ³  He has given you authority over them all. You are the head of gold.

Daniel 5:18

5:18 As for you, O king, the most high God bestowed on your father Nebuchadnezzar a kingdom, greatness, honor, and majesty. ⁴ 

Deuteronomy 28:49-52

28:49 The Lord will raise up a distant nation against you, one from the other side of the earth ⁵  as the eagle flies, ⁶  a nation whose language you will not understand, 28:50 a nation of stern appearance that will have no regard for the elderly or pity for the young. 28:51 They ⁷  will devour the offspring of your livestock and the produce of your soil until you are destroyed. They will not leave you with any grain, new wine, olive oil, calves of your herds, ⁸  or lambs of your flocks ⁹  until they have destroyed you. 28:52 They will besiege all of your villages ¹⁰  until all of your high and fortified walls collapse – those in which you put your confidence throughout the land. They will besiege all your villages throughout the land the Lord your God has given you.

Deuteronomy 32:30

32:30 How can one man chase a thousand of them, ¹¹ 

and two pursue ten thousand;

unless their Rock had delivered them up, ¹² 

and the Lord had handed them over?

Jude 1:14

1:14 Now Enoch, the seventh in descent beginning with Adam, ¹³  even prophesied of them, ¹⁴  saying, “Look! The Lord is coming ¹⁵  with thousands and thousands ¹⁶  of his holy ones,

Jude 1:8

1:8 Yet these men, ¹⁷  as a result of their dreams, ¹⁸  defile the flesh, reject authority, ¹⁹  and insult ²⁰  the glorious ones. ²¹ 

Jude 1:2

1:2 May mercy, peace, and love be lavished on you! ²² 

Psalms 106:41-42

106:41 He handed them over to ²³  the nations,

and those who hated them ruled over them.

106:42 Their enemies oppressed them;

they were subject to their authority. ²⁴ 

Isaiah 42:24

42:24 Who handed Jacob over to the robber?

Who handed Israel over to the looters? ²⁵ 

Was it not the Lord, against whom we sinned?

They refused to follow his commands;

they disobeyed his law. ²⁶ 

[2:38]  ¹ tn Aram “the sons of man.”

[2:38]  ² tn Aram “the beasts of the field.”

[2:38]  ³ tn Aram “hand.”

[5:18]  ⁴ tn Or “royal greatness and majestic honor,” if the four terms are understood as a double hendiadys.

[28:49]  ⁵ tn Heb “from the end of the earth.”

[28:49]  ⁶ tn Some translations understand this to mean “like an eagle swoops down” (e.g., NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT), comparing the swift attack of an eagle to the attack of the Israelites’ enemies.

[28:51]  ⁷ tn Heb “it” (so NRSV), a collective singular referring to the invading nation (several times in this verse and v. 52).

[28:51]  ⁸ tn Heb “increase of herds.”

[28:51]  ⁹ tn Heb “growth of flocks.”

[28:52]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “gates,” also in vv. 55, 57.

[32:30]  ¹¹ tn The words “man” and “of them” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for clarity.

[32:30]  ¹² tn Heb “sold them” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

[1:14]  ¹³ tn Grk “the seventh from Adam.”

[1:14]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “against them.” The dative τούτοις (toutois) is a dativus incommodi (dative of disadvantage).

[1:14]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “has come,” a proleptic aorist.

[1:14]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “ten thousands.” The word μυριάς (muria"), from which the English myriad is derived, means “ten thousand.” In the plural it means “ten thousands.” This would mean, minimally, 20,000 (a multiple of ten thousand). At the same time, the term was often used in apocalyptic literature to represent simply a rather large number, without any attempt to be specific.

[1:8]  ¹⁷ tn The reference is now to the false teachers.

[1:8]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “dreaming.” The participle ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι (enupniazomenoi, “dreaming”) is adverbial to the pronoun οὗτοι (|outoi, “these”), though the particular relationship is not clear. It could mean, “while dreaming,” “by dreaming,” or “because of dreaming.” This translation has adopted the last option as Jude’s meaning, partially for syntactical reasons (the causal participle usually precedes the main verb) and partially for contextual reasons (these false teachers must derive their authority from some source, and the dreams provide the most obvious base). The participle ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι was sometimes used of apocalyptic visions, both of true and false prophets. This seems to be the meaning here.

[1:8]  ¹⁹ tn Most likely, the authority of the Lord is in view. This verse, then, echoes the indictment of v. 4: “they deny our Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.”

[1:8]  ²⁰ tn The construction with the three verbs (“defile, “reject,” and “insult”) involves the particles μέν, δέ, δέ (men, de, de). A more literal (and pedantic) translation would be: “on the one hand, they defile the flesh, on the other hand, they reject authority, and on another hand, they insult the glorious ones.”

[1:8]  ²¹ sn The glorious ones refers to angelic beings rather than mere human beings, just as in 2 Pet 2:10 (on which this passage apparently depends). Whether the angelic beings are good or evil, however, is difficult to tell (hence, the translation is left ambiguous). However, both in 2 Pet 2:11 and here, in Jude 9, the wicked angels seem to be in view (for not even Michael insults them).

[1:2]  ²² tn Grk “may mercy and peace and love be multiplied to you.”

[106:41]  ²³ tn Heb “gave them into the hand of.”

[106:42]  ²⁴ tn Heb “they were subdued under their hand.”

[42:24]  ²⁵ tn Heb “Who gave to the robber Jacob, and Israel to the looters?” In the first line the consonantal text (Kethib) has מְשׁוֹסֶה (mÿshoseh), a Polel participle from שָׁסָה (shasah, “plunder”). The marginal reading (Qere) is מְשִׁיסָּה (mÿshissah), a noun meaning “plunder.” In this case one could translate “Who handed Jacob over as plunder?”

[42:24]  ²⁶ tn Heb “they were not willing in his ways to walk, and they did not listen to his law.”