Daniel 7:8

7:8 “As I was contemplating the horns, another horn – a small one – came up between them, and three of the former horns were torn out by the roots to make room for it. ¹  This horn had eyes resembling human eyes and a mouth speaking arrogant ²  things.

Daniel 7:11

7:11 “Then I kept on watching because of the arrogant words of the horn that was speaking. I was watching ³  until the beast was killed and its body destroyed and thrown into ⁴  the flaming fire.

Daniel 7:23

7:23 “This is what he told me: ⁵ 

‘The fourth beast means that there will be a fourth kingdom on earth

that will differ from all the other kingdoms.

It will devour all the earth

and will trample and crush it.

Daniel 8:9-11

8:9 From one of them came a small horn. ⁶  But it grew to be very big, toward the south and the east and toward the beautiful land. ⁷  8:10 It grew so big it reached the army ⁸  of heaven, and it brought about the fall of some of the army and some of the stars ⁹  to the ground, where it trampled them. 8:11 It also acted arrogantly against the Prince of the army, ¹⁰  from whom ¹¹  the daily sacrifice was removed and whose sanctuary ¹²  was thrown down.

[7:8]  ¹ tn Aram “were uprooted from before it.”

[7:8]  ² tn Aram “great.” So also in vv. 11, 20.

[7:11]  ³ tc The LXX and Theodotion lack the words “I was watching” here. It is possible that these words in the MT are a dittography from the first part of the verse.

[7:11]  ⁴ tn Aram “and given over to” (so NRSV).

[7:23]  ⁵ tn Aram “thus he said.”

[8:9]  ⁶ sn This small horn is Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who controlled the Seleucid kingdom from ca. 175-164 B.C. Antiochus was extremely hostile toward the Jews and persecuted them mercilessly.

[8:9]  ⁷ sn The expression the beautiful land (Heb. הַצֶּבִי [hatsÿvi] = “the beauty”) is a cryptic reference to the land of Israel. Cf. 11:16, 41, where it is preceded by the word אֶרֶץ (’erets, “land”).

[8:10]  ⁸ tn Traditionally, “host.” The term refers to God’s heavenly angelic assembly, which he sometimes leads into battle as an army.

[8:10]  ⁹ sn In prescientific Israelite thinking the stars were associated with the angelic members of God’s heavenly assembly. See Judg 5:20; Job 38:7; Isa 40:26. In west Semitic mythology the stars were members of the high god’s divine assembly (see Isa 14:13).

[8:11]  ¹⁰ sn The prince of the army may refer to God (cf. “whose sanctuary” later in the verse) or to the angel Michael (cf. 12:1).

[8:11]  ¹¹ tn Or perhaps “and by him,” referring to Antiochus rather than to God.

[8:11]  ¹² sn Here the sanctuary is a reference to the temple of God in Jerusalem.