Daniel 8:26

8:26 The vision of the evenings and mornings that was told to you is correct. ¹  But you should seal up the vision, for it refers to a time many days from now.”

Daniel 11:1--12:13

11:1 And in the first year of Darius the Mede, I ²  stood to strengthen him and to provide protection for him.) 11:2 Now I will tell you the truth.

The Angel Gives a Message to Daniel

“Three ³  more kings will arise for Persia. Then a fourth ⁴  king will be unusually rich, ⁵  more so than all who preceded him. When he has amassed power through his riches, he will stir up everyone against ⁶  the kingdom of Greece. 11:3 Then a powerful king ⁷  will arise, exercising great authority and doing as he pleases. 11:4 Shortly after his rise to power, ⁸  his kingdom will be broken up and distributed toward the four winds of the sky ⁹  – but not to his posterity or with the authority he exercised, for his kingdom will be uprooted and distributed to others besides these.

11:5 “Then the king of the south ¹⁰  and one of his subordinates ¹¹  will grow strong. His subordinate ¹²  will resist ¹³  him and will rule a kingdom greater than his. ¹⁴  11:6 After some years have passed, they ¹⁵  will form an alliance. Then the daughter ¹⁶  of the king of the south will come to the king of the north to make an agreement, but she will not retain her power, ¹⁷  nor will he continue ¹⁸  in his strength. ¹⁹  She, together with the one who brought her, her child, ²⁰  and her benefactor will all be delivered over at that time. ²¹ 

11:7 “There will arise in his ²²  place one from her family line ²³  who will come against their army and will enter the stronghold of the king of the north and will move against them successfully. ²⁴  11:8 He will also take their gods into captivity to Egypt, along with their cast images and prized utensils of silver and gold. Then he will withdraw for some years from ²⁵  the king of the north. 11:9 Then the king of the north ²⁶  will advance against the empire of the king of the south, but will withdraw to his own land. 11:10 His sons ²⁷  will wage war, mustering a large army which will advance like an overflowing river and carrying the battle all the way to the enemy’s ²⁸  fortress. ²⁹ 

11:11 “Then the king of the south ³⁰  will be enraged and will march out to fight against the king of the north, who will also muster a large army, but that army will be delivered into his hand. 11:12 When the army is taken away, the king of the south will become arrogant. ³¹  He will be responsible for the death ³²  of thousands and thousands of people, ³³  but he will not continue to prevail. 11:13 For the king of the north will again muster an army, one larger than before. At the end of some years he will advance with a huge army and enormous supplies.

11:14 “In those times many will oppose ³⁴  the king of the south. ³⁵  Those who are violent ³⁶  among your own people will rise up in confirmation of ³⁷  the vision, but they will falter. 11:15 Then the king of the north will advance and will build siege mounds and capture a well-fortified city. ³⁸  The forces of the south will not prevail, not even his finest contingents. ³⁹  They will have no strength to prevail. 11:16 The one advancing against him will do as he pleases, and no one will be able to stand before him. He will prevail in the beautiful land, and its annihilation will be within his power. ⁴⁰  11:17 His intention ⁴¹  will be to come with the strength of his entire kingdom, and he will form alliances. ⁴²  He will give the king of the south ⁴³  a daughter ⁴⁴  in marriage in order to destroy the kingdom, but it will not turn out to his advantage. 11:18 Then he will turn his attention ⁴⁵  to the coastal regions and will capture many of them. But a commander ⁴⁶  will bring his shameful conduct to a halt; in addition, ⁴⁷  he will make him pay for his shameful conduct. ⁴⁸  11:19 He will then turn his attention to the fortresses of his own land, but he will stumble and fall, not to be found again. 11:20 There will arise after him ⁴⁹  one ⁵⁰  who will send out an exactor ⁵¹  of tribute to enhance the splendor of the kingdom, but after a few days he will be destroyed, ⁵²  though not in anger or battle.

11:21 “Then there will arise in his place a despicable person ⁵³  to whom the royal honor has not been rightfully conferred. He will come on the scene in a time of prosperity and will seize the kingdom through deceit. 11:22 Armies ⁵⁴  will be suddenly ⁵⁵  swept away in defeat ⁵⁶  before him; both they and a covenant leader ⁵⁷  will be destroyed. ⁵⁸  11:23 After ⁵⁹  entering into an alliance with him, he will behave treacherously; he will ascend to power with only a small force. ⁶⁰  11:24 In a time of prosperity for the most productive areas of the province he will come and accomplish what neither his fathers nor their fathers accomplished. He will distribute loot, spoils, and property to his followers, and he will devise plans against fortified cities, but not for long. ⁶¹  11:25 He will rouse his strength and enthusiasm ⁶²  against the king of the south ⁶³  with a large army. The king of the south will wage war with a large and very powerful army, but he will not be able to prevail because of the plans devised against him. 11:26 Those who share the king’s fine food will attempt to destroy him, and his army will be swept away; ⁶⁴  many will be killed in battle. 11:27 These two kings, their minds ⁶⁵  filled with evil intentions, will trade ⁶⁶  lies with one another at the same table. But it will not succeed, for there is still an end at the appointed time. 11:28 Then the king of the north ⁶⁷  will return to his own land with much property. His mind will be set against the holy covenant. He will take action, and then return to his own land. 11:29 At an appointed time he will again invade the south, but this latter visit will not turn out the way the former one did. 11:30 The ships of Kittim ⁶⁸  will come against him, leaving him disheartened. ⁶⁹  He will turn back and direct his indignation against the holy covenant. He will return and honor ⁷⁰  those who forsake the holy covenant. 11:31 His forces ⁷¹  will rise up and profane the fortified sanctuary, ⁷²  stopping the daily sacrifice. In its place they will set up ⁷³  the abomination that causes desolation. 11:32 Then with smooth words he will defile ⁷⁴  those who have rejected ⁷⁵  the covenant. But the people who are loyal to ⁷⁶  their God will act valiantly. ⁷⁷  11:33 These who are wise among the people will teach the masses. ⁷⁸  However, they will fall ⁷⁹  by the sword and by the flame, ⁸⁰  and they will be imprisoned and plundered for some time. ⁸¹  11:34 When they stumble, they will be granted some help. But many will unite with them deceitfully. 11:35 Even some of the wise will stumble, resulting in their refinement, purification, and cleansing until the time of the end, for it is still for the appointed time.

11:36 “Then the king ⁸²  will do as he pleases. He will exalt and magnify himself above every deity and he will utter presumptuous things against the God of gods. He will succeed until the time of ⁸³  wrath is completed, for what has been decreed must occur. ⁸⁴  11:37 He will not respect ⁸⁵  the gods of his fathers – not even the god loved by women. ⁸⁶  He will not respect any god; he will elevate himself above them all. 11:38 What he will honor is a god of fortresses – a god his fathers did not acknowledge he will honor with gold, silver, valuable stones, and treasured commodities. 11:39 He will attack ⁸⁷  mighty fortresses, aided by ⁸⁸  a foreign deity. To those who recognize him he will grant considerable honor. He will place them in authority over many people, and he will parcel out land for a price. ⁸⁹ 

11:40 “At the time of the end the king of the south will attack ⁹⁰  him. Then the king of the north will storm against him ⁹¹  with chariots, horsemen, and a large armada of ships. ⁹²  He ⁹³  will invade lands, passing through them like an overflowing river. ⁹⁴  11:41 Then he will enter the beautiful land. ⁹⁵  Many ⁹⁶  will fall, but these will escape: ⁹⁷  Edom, Moab, and the Ammonite leadership. 11:42 He will extend his power ⁹⁸  against other lands; the land of Egypt will not escape. 11:43 He will have control over the hidden stores of gold and silver, as well as all the treasures of Egypt. Libyans and Ethiopians ⁹⁹  will submit to him. ¹⁰⁰  11:44 But reports will trouble him from the east and north, and he will set out in a tremendous rage to destroy and wipe out many. 11:45 He will pitch his royal tents between the seas ¹⁰¹  toward the beautiful holy mountain. But he will come to his end, with no one to help him.

12:1 “At that time Michael,

the great prince who watches over your people, ¹⁰² 

will arise. ¹⁰³ 

There will be a time of distress

unlike any other from the nation’s beginning ¹⁰⁴ 

up to that time.

But at that time your own people,

all those whose names are ¹⁰⁵  found written in the book,

will escape.

12:2 Many of those who sleep

in the dusty ground will awake –

some to everlasting life,

and others to shame and everlasting abhorrence. ¹⁰⁶ 

12:3 But the wise will shine

like the brightness of the heavenly expanse.

And those bringing many to righteousness

will be like the stars forever and ever.

12:4 “But you, Daniel, close up these words and seal the book until the time of the end. Many will dash about, ¹⁰⁷  and knowledge will increase.”

12:5 I, Daniel, watched as two others stood there, one on each side of the river. ¹⁰⁸  12:6 One said to the man clothed in linen who was above the waters of the river, “When will the end of these wondrous events occur?” 12:7 Then I heard the man clothed in linen who was over the waters of the river as he raised both his right and left hands to the sky ¹⁰⁹  and made an oath by the one who lives forever: “It is for a time, times, and half a time. Then, when the power of the one who shatters ¹¹⁰  the holy people has been exhausted, all these things will be finished.”

12:8 I heard, but I did not understand. So I said, “Sir, ¹¹¹  what will happen after these things?” 12:9 He said, “Go, Daniel. For these matters are closed and sealed until the time of the end. 12:10 Many will be purified, made clean, and refined, but the wicked will go on being wicked. None of the wicked will understand, though the wise will understand. 12:11 From the time that the daily sacrifice is removed and the abomination that causes desolation is set in place, ¹¹²  there are 1,290 days. 12:12 Blessed is the one who waits and attains to the 1,335 days. 12:13 But you should go your way ¹¹³  until the end. ¹¹⁴  You will rest and then at the end of the days you will arise to receive ¹¹⁵  what you have been allotted.” ¹¹⁶ 

Isaiah 41:22-23

41:22 “Let them produce evidence! Let them tell us what will happen!

Tell us about your earlier predictive oracles, ¹¹⁷ 

so we may examine them ¹¹⁸  and see how they were fulfilled. ¹¹⁹ 

Or decree for us some future events!

41:23 Predict how future events will turn out, ¹²⁰ 

so we might know you are gods.

Yes, do something good or bad,

so we might be frightened and in awe. ¹²¹ 

Isaiah 43:8-9

The Lord Declares His Sovereignty

43:8 Bring out the people who are blind, even though they have eyes,

those who are deaf, even though they have ears!

43:9 All nations gather together,

the peoples assemble.

Who among them announced this?

Who predicted earlier events for us? ¹²² 

Let them produce their witnesses to testify they were right;

let them listen and affirm, ‘It is true.’

Amos 3:7

3:7 Certainly the sovereign Lord does nothing without first revealing his plan to his servants the prophets.

Acts 15:15

15:15 The ¹²³  words of the prophets agree ¹²⁴  with this, as it is written,

Acts 15:18

15:18 known ¹²⁵  from long ago. ¹²⁶ 

[8:26]  ¹ tn Heb “truth.”

[11:1]  ² sn The antecedent of the pronoun “I” is the angel, not Daniel. The traditional chapter division at this point, and the presence of a chronological note in the verse similar to ones used elsewhere in the book to position Daniel’s activities in relation to imperial affairs, sometimes lead to confusion on this matter.

[11:2]  ³ sn Perhaps these three more kings are Cambyses (ca. 530-522 B.C.), Pseudo-Smerdis (ca. 522 B.C.), and Darius I Hystaspes (ca. 522-486 B.C.).

[11:2]  ⁴ sn This fourth king is Xerxes I (ca. 486-465 B.C.). The following reference to one of his chiefs apparently has in view Seleucus Nicator.

[11:2]  ⁵ tn Heb “rich with great riches.”

[11:2]  ⁶ tn The text is difficult. The Hebrew has here אֶת (’et), the marker of a definite direct object. As it stands, this would suggest the meaning that “he will arouse everyone, that is, the kingdom of Greece.” The context, however, seems to suggest the idea that this Persian king will arouse in hostility against Greece the constituent elements of his own empire. This requires supplying the word “against,” which is not actually present in the Hebrew text.

[11:3]  ⁷ sn The powerful king mentioned here is Alexander the Great (ca. 336-323 B.C.).

[11:4]  ⁸ tn Heb “and when he stands.”

[11:4]  ⁹ tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[11:5]  ¹⁰ sn The king of the south is Ptolemy I Soter (ca. 323-285 B.C.). The following reference to one of his subordinates apparently has in view Seleucus I Nicator (ca. 311-280 B.C.). Throughout the remainder of chap. 11 the expressions “king of the south” and “king of the north” repeatedly occur. It is clear, however, that these terms are being used generically to describe the Ptolemaic king (i.e., “of the south”) or the Seleucid king (i.e., “of the north”) who happens to be in power at any particular time. The specific identity of these kings can be established more or less successfully by a comparison of this chapter with the available extra-biblical records that discuss the history of the intertestamental period. In the following notes the generally accepted identifications are briefly mentioned.

[11:5]  ¹¹ tn Heb “princes.”

[11:5]  ¹² tn Heb “and he”; the referent (the subordinate prince mentioned in the previous clause) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:5]  ¹³ tn Heb “be strong against.”

[11:5]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “greater than his kingdom.”

[11:6]  ¹⁵ sn Here they refers to Ptolemy II Philadelphus (ca. 285-246 B.C.) and Antiochus II Theos (ca. 262-246 B.C.).

[11:6]  ¹⁶ sn The daughter refers to Berenice, who was given in marriage to Antiochus II Theos.

[11:6]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “the strength of the arm.”

[11:6]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “stand.” So also in vv. 7, 8, 11, 13.

[11:6]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and his arm.” Some understand this to refer to the descendants of the king of the north.

[11:6]  ²⁰ tc The present translation reads יַלְדָּה (yaldah, “her child”) rather than the MT יֹלְדָהּ (yolÿdah, “the one who begot her”). Cf. Theodotion, the Syriac, and the Vulgate.

[11:6]  ²¹ sn Antiochus II eventually divorced Berenice and remarried his former wife Laodice, who then poisoned her husband, had Berenice put to death, and installed her own son, Seleucus II Callinicus (ca. 246-227 B.C.), as the Seleucid king.

[11:7]  ²² sn The reference is to the king of Egypt.

[11:7]  ²³ tn Heb “the stock of her roots.”

[11:7]  ²⁴ tn Heb “will deal with them and prevail.”

[11:8]  ²⁵ tn The Hebrew preposition מִן (min) is used here with the verb עָמַד (’amad, “to stand”). It probably has a sense of separation (“stand away from”), although it may also be understood in an adversative sense (“stand against”).

[11:9]  ²⁶ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:10]  ²⁷ sn The sons of Seleucus II Callinicus were Seleucus III Ceraunus (ca. 227-223 B.C.) and Antiochus III the Great (ca. 223-187 B.C.).

[11:10]  ²⁸ tn Heb “his”; the referent (the enemy of the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:10]  ²⁹ tn Heb “and he will certainly come and overflow and cross over and return and be aroused unto a fortress.” The translation has attempted to simplify the syntax of this difficult sequence.

[11:11]  ³⁰ sn This king of the south refers to Ptolemy IV Philopator (ca. 221-204 B.C.).

[11:12]  ³¹ tn Heb “his heart will be lifted up.” The referent (the king of the south) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:12]  ³² tn Heb “cause to fall.”

[11:12]  ³³ tn Heb “of myriads.”

[11:14]  ³⁴ tn Heb “stand against.”

[11:14]  ³⁵ sn This was Ptolemy V Epiphanes (ca. 203-181 B.C.).

[11:14]  ³⁶ tn Heb “sons of violence.” “Son(s) is sometimes used idiomatically in Hebrew to indicate that someone is characterized by a certain quality. So the expression “sons of violence” means that these individuals will be characterized by violent deeds.

[11:14]  ³⁷ tn Heb “to cause to stand.”

[11:15]  ³⁸ sn This well-fortified city is apparently Sidon. Its capture from the Ptolemies by Antiochus the Great was a strategic victory for the Seleucid kingdom.

[11:15]  ³⁹ tn Or “choice troops” (BDB 104 s.v. מִבְחָר), or “elite troops” (HALOT 542 s.v. מִבְחָר).

[11:16]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “hand.”

[11:17]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “and he will set his face.” Cf. vv. 18, 19.

[11:17]  ⁴² tc The present translation reads מֵישָׁרִים (mesharim, “alliances”) for the MT וִישָׁרִים (viysharim, “uprightness”).

[11:17]  ⁴³ tn Heb “him”; the referent (the king of the south) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:17]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “the daughter of the women.”

[11:18]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “his face.” See v. 19 as well.

[11:18]  ⁴⁶ sn The commander is probably the Roman commander, Lucius Cornelius Scipio.

[11:18]  ⁴⁷ tn The Hebrew here is difficult in that the negative בִּלְתִּי (biltiy, “not”) is used in an unusual way. The sense is not entirely clear.

[11:18]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “his shameful conduct he will return to him.”

[11:20]  ⁴⁹ tn Heb “on his place.”

[11:20]  ⁵⁰ sn The one who will send out an exactor of tribute was Seleucus IV Philopator (ca. 187-176 B.C.).

[11:20]  ⁵¹ sn Perhaps this exactor of tribute was Heliodorus (cf. 2 Maccabees 3).

[11:20]  ⁵² tn Heb “broken” or “shattered.”

[11:21]  ⁵³ sn This despicable person to whom the royal honor has not been rightfully conferred is Antiochus IV Epiphanes (ca. 175-164 B.C.).

[11:22]  ⁵⁴ tn Heb “arms.”

[11:22]  ⁵⁵ tc The present translation reads הִשָּׁטֹף (hishatof), Niphal infinitive absolute of שָׁטַף (shataf, “to overflow”), for the MT הַשֶּׁטֶף (hashetef, “flood”).

[11:22]  ⁵⁶ tn The words “in defeat” are added in the translation for clarification.

[11:22]  ⁵⁷ tn Heb “a prince of the covenant.”

[11:22]  ⁵⁸ tn Heb “broken” or “shattered.”

[11:23]  ⁵⁹ tn The preposition מִן (min) is probably temporal here (so BDB 583 s.v. 7.c; cf. KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV), although it could also be understood here as indicating means (so J. Goldingay, Daniel [WBC], 279, n. 23a; cf. TEV, NLT).

[11:23]  ⁶⁰ tn Heb “nation.”

[11:24]  ⁶¹ tn Heb “and unto a time.”

[11:25]  ⁶² tn Heb “heart.”

[11:25]  ⁶³ sn This king of the south was Ptolemy Philometer (ca. 181-145 B.C.).

[11:26]  ⁶⁴ tc The present translation reads יִשָׁטֵף (yishatef, passive) rather than the MT יִשְׁטוֹף (yishtof, active).

[11:27]  ⁶⁵ tn Heb “heart.” So also in v. 28.

[11:27]  ⁶⁶ tn Heb “speak.”

[11:28]  ⁶⁷ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:30]  ⁶⁸ sn The name Kittim has various designations in extra-biblical literature. It can refer to a location on the island of Cyprus, or more generally to the island itself, or it can be an inclusive term to refer to parts of the Mediterranean world that lay west of the Middle East (e.g., Rome). For ships of Kittim the Greek OT (LXX) has “Romans,” an interpretation followed by a few English versions (e.g., TEV). A number of times in the Dead Sea Scrolls the word is used in reference to the Romans. Other English versions are more generic: “[ships] of the western coastlands” (NIV, NLT); “from the west” (NCV, CEV).

[11:30]  ⁶⁹ sn This is apparently a reference to the Roman forces, led by Gaius Popilius Laenas, which confronted Antiochus when he came to Egypt and demanded that he withdraw or face the wrath of Rome. Antiochus wisely withdrew from Egypt, albeit in a state of bitter frustration.

[11:30]  ⁷⁰ tn Heb “show regard for.”

[11:31]  ⁷¹ tn Heb “arms.”

[11:31]  ⁷² tn Heb “the sanctuary, the fortress.”

[11:31]  ⁷³ tn Heb “will give.”

[11:32]  ⁷⁴ tn Or “corrupt.”

[11:32]  ⁷⁵ tn Heb “acted wickedly toward.”

[11:32]  ⁷⁶ tn Heb “know.” The term “know” sometimes means “to recognize.” In relational contexts it can have the connotation “recognize the authority of, be loyal to,” as it does here.

[11:32]  ⁷⁷ sn This is an allusion to the Maccabean revolt, which struggled to bring about Jewish independence in the second century B.C.

[11:33]  ⁷⁸ tn Heb “the many.”

[11:33]  ⁷⁹ tn Heb “stumble.”

[11:33]  ⁸⁰ tn Or “by burning.”

[11:33]  ⁸¹ tn Heb “days.”

[11:36]  ⁸² sn The identity of this king is problematic. If vv. 36-45 continue the description of Antiochus Epiphanes, the account must be viewed as erroneous, since the details do not match what is known of Antiochus’ latter days. Most modern scholars take this view, concluding that this section was written just shortly before the death of Antiochus and that the writer erred on several key points as he tried to predict what would follow the events of his own day. Conservative scholars, however, usually understand the reference to shift at this point to an eschatological figure, viz., the Antichrist. The chronological gap that this would presuppose to be in the narrative is not necessarily a problem, since by all accounts there are many chronological gaps throughout the chapter, as the historical figures intended by such expressions as “king of the north” and “king of the south” repeatedly shift.

[11:36]  ⁸³ tn The words “the time of” are added in the translation for clarification.

[11:36]  ⁸⁴ tn Heb “has been done.” The Hebrew verb used here is the perfect of certitude, emphasizing the certainty of fulfillment.

[11:37]  ⁸⁵ tn Heb “consider.”

[11:37]  ⁸⁶ tn Heb “[the one] desired by women.” The referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:39]  ⁸⁷ tn Heb “act against.”

[11:39]  ⁸⁸ tn Heb “with.”

[11:39]  ⁸⁹ tn Or perhaps “for a reward.”

[11:40]  ⁹⁰ tn Heb “engage in thrusting.”

[11:40]  ⁹¹ tn The referent of the pronoun is most likely the king of the south, in which case the text describes the king of the north countering the attack of the king of the south.

[11:40]  ⁹² tn Heb “many ships.”

[11:40]  ⁹³ tn This most likely refers to the king of the north who, in response to the aggression of the king of the south, launches an invasion of the southern regions.

[11:40]  ⁹⁴ tn Heb “and will overflow and pass over.”

[11:41]  ⁹⁵ sn The beautiful land is a cryptic reference to the land of Israel.

[11:41]  ⁹⁶ tn This can be understood as “many people” (cf. NRSV) or “many countries” (cf. NASB, NIV, NLT).

[11:41]  ⁹⁷ tn Heb “be delivered from his hand.”

[11:42]  ⁹⁸ tn Heb “hand.”

[11:43]  ⁹⁹ tn Or “Nubians” (NIV, NCV); Heb “Cushites.”

[11:43]  ¹⁰⁰ tn Heb “Libyans and Cushites [will be] at his footsteps.”

[11:45]  ¹⁰¹ sn Presumably seas refers to the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea.

[12:1]  ¹⁰² tn Heb “stands over the sons of your people.”

[12:1]  ¹⁰³ tn Heb “will stand up.”

[12:1]  ¹⁰⁴ tn Or “from the beginning of a nation.”

[12:1]  ¹⁰⁵ tn The words “whose names are” are added in the translation for stylistic reasons and for clarification.

[12:2]  ¹⁰⁶ sn This verse is the only undisputed reference to a literal resurrection found in the Hebrew Bible.

[12:4]  ¹⁰⁷ tn Or “will run back and forth”; KJV “shall run to and fro”; NIV “will go here and there”; CEV “will go everywhere.”

[12:5]  ¹⁰⁸ tn Heb “one to this edge of the river and one to that edge of the river.”

[12:7]  ¹⁰⁹ tn Or “to the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[12:7]  ¹¹⁰ tc The present translation reads יַד־נֹפֵץ (yad-nofets, “hand of one who shatters”) rather than the MT נַפֵּץ־יַד (nappets-yad, “to shatter the hand”).

[12:8]  ¹¹¹ tn Heb “my lord,” a title of polite address.

[12:11]  ¹¹² tn Heb “to give.”

[12:13]  ¹¹³ tn The words “your way” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.

[12:13]  ¹¹⁴ tc The LXX lacks “until the end.”

[12:13]  ¹¹⁵ tn The word “receive” is added in the translation for clarification.

[12:13]  ¹¹⁶ sn The deuterocanonical writings known as the Story of Susanna and Bel and the Dragon appear respectively as chapters 13 and 14 of the book of Daniel in the Greek version of this book. Although these writings are not part of the Hebrew/Aramaic text of Daniel, they were popular among certain early communities who valued traditions about the life of Daniel.

[41:22]  ¹¹⁷ tn Heb “As for the former things, tell us what they are!”

[41:22]  ¹¹⁸ tn Heb “so we might set [them to] our heart.”

[41:22]  ¹¹⁹ tn Heb “and might know their outcome.”

[41:23]  ¹²⁰ tn Heb “Declare the coming things, with respect to the end.”

[41:23]  ¹²¹ tc The translation assumes the Qere (וְנִרְאֶה [vÿnir’eh], from יָרֵא [yare’], “be afraid”).

[43:9]  ¹²² tn Heb “and the former things was causing us to hear?”

[15:15]  ¹²³ tn Grk “And the.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[15:15]  ¹²⁴ sn The term agree means “match” or “harmonize with.” James’ point in the introduction argues that many of the OT prophets taught this. He gives one example (which follows).

[15:18]  ¹²⁵ sn Who makes these things known. The remark emphasizes how God’s design of these things reaches back to the time he declared them.

[15:18]  ¹²⁶ sn An allusion to Isa 45:21.