Deuteronomy 2:25

2:25 This very day I will begin to fill all the people of the earth ¹  with dread and to terrify them when they hear about you. They will shiver and shake in anticipation of your approach.” ² 

Deuteronomy 4:19

4:19 When you look up ³  to the sky ⁴  and see the sun, moon, and stars – the whole heavenly creation ⁵  – you must not be seduced to worship and serve them, ⁶  for the Lord your God has assigned ⁷  them to all the people ⁸  of the world. ⁹ 

Lamentations 3:66

3:66 Pursue them ¹⁰  in anger and eradicate them

from under the Lord’s heaven.

Acts 2:5

2:5 Now there were devout Jews ¹¹  from every nation under heaven residing in Jerusalem. ¹² 

Acts 4:12

4:12 And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among people ¹³  by which we must ¹⁴  be saved.”

[2:25]  ¹ tn Heb “under heaven” (so NIV, NRSV).

[2:25]  ² tn Heb “from before you.”

[4:19]  ³ tn Heb “lest you lift up your eyes.” In the Hebrew text vv. 16-19 are subordinated to “Be careful” in v. 15, but this makes for an unduly long sentence in English.

[4:19]  ⁴ tn Or “heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.

[4:19]  ⁵ tn Heb “all the host of heaven.”

[4:19]  ⁶ tn In the Hebrew text the verbal sequence in v. 19 is “lest you look up…and see…and be seduced…and worship them…and serve them.” However, the first two actions are not prohibited in and of themselves. The prohibition pertains to the final three actions. The first two verbs describe actions that are logically subordinate to the following actions and can be treated as temporal or circumstantial: “lest, looking up…and seeing…, you are seduced.” See Joüon 2:635 §168.h.

[4:19]  ⁷ tn Or “allotted.”

[4:19]  ⁸ tn Or “nations.”

[4:19]  ⁹ tn Heb “under all the heaven.”

[3:66]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “pursue.” The accusative direct object is implied in the Hebrew, and inserted in the translation.

[2:5]  ¹¹ tn Grk “Jews, devout men.” It is possible that only men are in view here in light of OT commands for Jewish men to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem at various times during the year (cf. Exod 23:17, 34:23; Deut 16:16). However, other evidence seems to indicate that both men and women might be in view. Luke 2:41-52 shows that whole families would make the temporary trip to Jerusalem. In addition, it is probable that the audience consisted of families who had taken up permanent residence in Jerusalem. The verb κατοικέω (katoikew) normally means “reside” or “dwell,” and archaeological evidence from tombs in Jerusalem does indicate that many families immigrated to Jerusalem permanently (see B. Witherington, Acts, 135); this would naturally include women. Also, the word ἀνήρ (ajnhr), which usually does mean “male” or “man” (as opposed to woman), sometimes is used generically to mean “a person” (BDAG 79 s.v. 2; cf. Matt 12:41). Given this evidence, then, it is conceivable that the audience in view here is not individual male pilgrims but a mixed group of men and women.

[2:5]  ¹² tn Grk “Now there were residing in Jerusalem Jews, devout men from every nation under heaven.”

[4:12]  ¹³ tn Here ἀνθρώποις (anqrwpoi") has been translated as a generic noun (“people”).

[4:12]  ¹⁴ sn Must be saved. The term used here (δεῖ, dei, “it is necessary”) reflects the necessity set up by God’s directive plan.