Deuteronomy 22:2

22:2 If the owner ¹  does not live ²  near you or you do not know who the owner is, ³  then you must corral the animal ⁴  at your house and let it stay with you until the owner looks for it; then you must return it to him.

Jude 1:13

1:13 wild sea waves, ⁵  spewing out the foam of ⁶  their shame; ⁷  wayward stars ⁸  for whom the utter depths of eternal darkness ⁹  have been reserved.

Jude 1:2

1:2 May mercy, peace, and love be lavished on you! ¹⁰ 

Jude 1:7

1:7 So also ¹¹  Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighboring towns, ¹²  since they indulged in sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desire ¹³  in a way similar to ¹⁴  these angels, ¹⁵  are now displayed as an example by suffering the punishment of eternal fire.

Proverbs 16:7

16:7 When a person’s ¹⁶  ways are pleasing to the Lord, ¹⁷ 

he ¹⁸  even reconciles his enemies to himself. ¹⁹ 

Proverbs 21:1

21:1 The king’s heart ²⁰  is in the hand ²¹  of the Lord like channels of water; ²² 

he turns it wherever he wants.

[22:2]  ¹ tn Heb “your brother” (also later in this verse).

[22:2]  ² tn Heb “is not.” The idea of “residing” is implied.

[22:2]  ³ tn Heb “and you do not know him.”

[22:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the ox or sheep mentioned in v. 1) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:13]  ⁵ tn Grk “wild waves of the sea.”

[1:13]  ⁶ tn Grk “foaming, causing to foam.” The verb form is intensive and causative. BDAG 360 s.v. ἐπαφρίζω suggests the meaning “to cause to splash up like froth, cause to foam,” or, in this context, “waves casting up their own shameless deeds like (dirty) foam.”

[1:13]  ⁷ tn Grk “shames, shameful things.” It is uncertain whether shameful deeds or shameful words are in view. Either way, the picture has taken a decided turn: Though waterless clouds and fruitless trees may promise good things, but deliver nothing, wild sea-waves are portents of filth spewed forth from the belly of the sea.

[1:13]  ⁸ sn The imagery of a star seems to fit the nautical theme that Jude is developing. Stars were of course the guides to sailors at night, just as teachers are responsible to lead the flock through a benighted world. But false teachers, as wayward stars, are not fixed and hence offer unreliable, even disastrous guidance. They are thus both the dangerous reefs on which the ships could be destroyed and the false guides, leading them into these rocks. There is a special irony that these lights will be snuffed out, reserved for the darkest depths of eternal darkness.

[1:13]  ⁹ tn Grk “utter darkness of darkness for eternity.” See note on the word “utter” in v. 6.

[1:2]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “may mercy and peace and love be multiplied to you.”

[1:7]  ¹¹ tn Grk “as.”

[1:7]  ¹² tn Grk “the towns [or cities] surrounding them.”

[1:7]  ¹³ tn Grk “strange flesh.” This phrase has been variously interpreted. It could refer to flesh of another species (such as angels lusting after human flesh). This would aptly describe the sin of the angels, but not easily explain the sin of Sodom and Gomorrah. It could refer to the homosexual practices of the Sodomites, but a difficulty arises from the use of ἕτερος ({etero"; “strange,” “other”). When this is to be distinguished from ἄλλος (allos, “another”) it suggests “another of a different kind.” If so, would that properly describe homosexual behavior? In response, the language could easily be compact: “pursued flesh other than what was normally pursued.” However, would this find an analogy in the lust of angels (such would imply that angels normally had sexual relations of some sort, but cf. Matt 22:30)? Another alternative is that the focus of the parallel is on the activity of the surrounding cities and the activity of the angels. This is especially plausible since the participles ἐκπορνεύσασαι (ekporneusasai, “having indulged in sexual immorality”) and ἀπελθοῦσαι (apelqousai, “having pursued”) have concord with “cities” (πόλεις, poleis), a feminine plural noun, rather than with Sodom and Gomorrah (both masculine nouns). If so, then their sin would not necessarily have to be homosexuality. However, most likely the feminine participles are used because of constructio ad sensum (construction according to sense). That is, since both Sodom and Gomorrah are cities, the feminine is used to imply that all the cities are involved. The connection with angels thus seems to be somewhat loose: Both angels and Sodom and Gomorrah indulged in heinous sexual immorality. Thus, whether the false teachers indulge in homosexual activity is not the point; mere sexual immorality is enough to condemn them.

[1:7]  ¹⁴ tn Or “in the same way as.”

[1:7]  ¹⁵ tn “Angels” is not in the Greek text; but the masculine demonstrative pronoun most likely refers back to the angels of v. 6.

[16:7]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “ways of a man.”

[16:7]  ¹⁷ tn The first line uses an infinitive in a temporal clause, followed by its subject in the genitive case: “in the taking pleasure of the Lord” = “when the Lord is pleased with.” So the condition set down for the second colon is a lifestyle that is pleasing to God.

[16:7]  ¹⁸ tn The referent of the verb in the second colon is unclear. The straightforward answer is that it refers to the person whose ways please the Lord – it is his lifestyle that disarms his enemies. W. McKane comments that the righteous have the power to mend relationships (Proverbs [OTL], 491); see, e.g., 10:13; 14:9; 15:1; 25:21-22). The life that is pleasing to God will be above reproach and find favor with others. Some would interpret this to mean that God makes his enemies to be at peace with him (cf. KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NLT). This is workable, but in this passage it would seem God would do this through the pleasing life of the believer (cf. NCV, TEV, CEV).

[16:7]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “even his enemies he makes to be at peace with him.”

[21:1]  ²⁰ sn “Heart” is a metonymy of subject; it signifies the ability to make decisions, if not the decisions themselves.

[21:1]  ²¹ sn “Hand” in this passage is a personification; the word is frequently used idiomatically for “power,” and that is the sense intended here.

[21:1]  ²² tn “Channels of water” (פַּלְגֵי, palge) is an adverbial accusative, functioning as a figure of comparison – “like channels of water.” Cf. NAB “Like a stream”; NIV “watercourse”; NRSV, NLT “a stream of water.”