Deuteronomy 9:1-2

Theological Justification of the Conquest

9:1 Listen, Israel: Today you are about to cross the Jordan so you can dispossess the nations there, people greater and stronger than you who live in large cities with extremely high fortifications. ¹  9:2 They include the Anakites, ²  a numerous ³  and tall people whom you know about and of whom it is said, “Who is able to resist the Anakites?”

Numbers 13:28-33

13:28 But ⁴  the inhabitants ⁵  are strong, and the cities are fortified and very large. Moreover we saw the descendants of Anak there. 13:29 The Amalekites live in the land of the Negev; the Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites live in the hill country; and the Canaanites live by the sea and along the banks ⁶  of the Jordan.” ⁷ 

13:30 Then Caleb silenced the people before Moses, saying, “Let us go up ⁸  and occupy it, ⁹  for we are well able to conquer it.” ¹⁰  13:31 But the men ¹¹  who had gone up with him said, “We are not able to go up against these people, because they are stronger than we are!” 13:32 Then they presented the Israelites with a discouraging ¹²  report of the land they had investigated, saying, “The land that we passed through ¹³  to investigate is a land that devours ¹⁴  its inhabitants. ¹⁵  All the people we saw there ¹⁶  are of great stature. 13:33 We even saw the Nephilim ¹⁷  there (the descendants of Anak came from the Nephilim), and we seemed liked grasshoppers both to ourselves ¹⁸  and to them.” ¹⁹ 

[9:1]  ¹ tn Heb “fortified to the heavens” (so NRSV); NLT “cities with walls that reach to the sky.” This is hyperbole.

[9:2]  ² sn Anakites. See note on this term in Deut 1:28.

[9:2]  ³ tn Heb “great and tall.” Many English versions understand this to refer to physical size or strength rather than numbers (cf. “strong,” NIV, NCV, NRSV, NLT).

[13:28]  ⁴ tn The word (אֶפֶס, ’efes) forms a very strong adversative. The land was indeed rich and fruitful, but….”

[13:28]  ⁵ tn Heb “the people who are living in the land.”

[13:29]  ⁶ tn Heb “by the side [hand] of.”

[13:29]  ⁷ sn For more discussion on these people groups, see D. J. Wiseman, ed., Peoples of Old Testament Times.

[13:30]  ⁸ tn The construction is emphatic, using the cohortative with the infinitive absolute to strengthen it: עָלֹה נַעֲלֶה (’aloh na’aleh, “let us go up”) with the sense of certainty and immediacy.

[13:30]  ⁹ tn The perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive brings the cohortative idea forward: “and let us possess it”; it may also be subordinated to form a purpose or result idea.

[13:30]  ¹⁰ tn Here again the confidence of Caleb is expressed with the infinitive absolute and the imperfect tense: יָכוֹל נוּכַל (yakhol nukhal), “we are fully able” to do this. The verb יָכַל (yakhal) followed by the preposition lamed means “to prevail over, to conquer.”

[13:31]  ¹¹ tn The vav (ו) disjunctive on the noun at the beginning of the clause forms a strong adversative clause here.

[13:32]  ¹² tn Or “an evil report,” i.e., one that was a defamation of the grace of God.

[13:32]  ¹³ tn Heb “which we passed over in it”; the pronoun on the preposition serves as a resumptive pronoun for the relative, and need not be translated literally.

[13:32]  ¹⁴ tn The verb is the feminine singular participle from אָכַל (’akhal); it modifies the land as a “devouring land,” a bold figure for the difficulty of living in the place.

[13:32]  ¹⁵ sn The expression has been interpreted in a number of ways by commentators, such as that the land was infertile, that the Canaanites were cannibals, that it was a land filled with warlike dissensions, or that it denotes a land geared for battle. It may be that they intended the land to seem infertile and insecure.

[13:32]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “in its midst.”

[13:33]  ¹⁷ tc The Greek version uses gigantes (“giants”) to translate “the Nephilim,” but it does not retain the clause “the sons of Anak are from the Nephilim.”

[13:33]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “in our eyes.”

[13:33]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “in their eyes.”