Exodus 12:29-30

The Deliverance from Egypt

12:29 ¹ It happened ²  at midnight – the Lord attacked all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the prison, and all the firstborn of the cattle. 12:30 Pharaoh got up ³  in the night, ⁴  along with all his servants and all Egypt, and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was no house ⁵  in which there was not someone dead.

Isaiah 37:36

37:36 The Lord’s messenger ⁶  went out and killed 185,000 troops ⁷  in the Assyrian camp. When they ⁸  got up early the next morning, there were all the corpses! ⁹ 

Matthew 25:6

25:6 But at midnight there was a shout, ‘Look, the bridegroom is here! Come out to meet him.’ ¹⁰ 

Luke 17:26-29

17:26 Just ¹¹  as it was ¹²  in the days of Noah, ¹³  so too it will be in the days of the Son of Man. 17:27 People ¹⁴  were eating, ¹⁵  they were drinking, they were marrying, they were being given in marriage – right up to the day Noah entered the ark. Then ¹⁶  the flood came and destroyed them all. ¹⁷  17:28 Likewise, just as it was ¹⁸  in the days of Lot, people ¹⁹  were eating, drinking, buying, selling, planting, building; 17:29 but on the day Lot went out from Sodom, fire and sulfur rained down from heaven and destroyed them all. ²⁰ 

[12:29]  ¹ sn The next section records the deliverance of Israel from Egypt, and so becomes the turning point of the book. Verses 28 and 29 could be included in the exposition of the previous section as the culmination of that part. The message might highlight God’s requirement for deliverance from bondage through the application of the blood of the sacrifice, God’s instruction for the memorial of deliverance through the purging of corruption, and the compliance of those who believed the message. But these verses also form the beginning of this next section (and so could be used transitionally). This unit includes the judgment on Egypt (29-30), the exodus from Egypt (31-39) and the historical summation and report (40-42).

[12:29]  ² tn The verse begins with the temporal indicator וַיְהִי (vayÿhi), often translated “and it came to pass.” Here it could be left untranslated: “In the middle of the night Yahweh attacked.” The word order of the next and main clause furthers the emphasis by means of the vav disjunctive on the divine name preceding the verb. The combination of these initial and disjunctive elements helps to convey the suddenness of the attack, while its thoroughness is stressed by the repetition of “firstborn” in the rest of the verse, the merism (“from the firstborn of Pharaoh…to the firstborn of the captive”), and the mention of cattle.

[12:30]  ³ tn Heb “arose,” the verb קוּם (qum) in this context certainly must describe a less ceremonial act. The entire country woke up in terror because of the deaths.

[12:30]  ⁴ tn The noun is an adverbial accusative of time – “in the night” or “at night.”

[12:30]  ⁵ sn Or so it seemed. One need not push this description to complete literalness. The reference would be limited to houses that actually had firstborn people or animals. In a society in which households might include more than one generation of humans and animals, however, the presence of a firstborn human or animal would be the rule rather than the exception.

[37:36]  ⁶ tn Traditionally, “the angel of the Lord” (so NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

[37:36]  ⁷ tn The word “troops” is supplied in the translation for smoothness and clarity.

[37:36]  ⁸ tn This refers to the Israelites and/or the rest of the Assyrian army.

[37:36]  ⁹ tn Heb “look, all of them were dead bodies”; NLT “they found corpses everywhere.”

[25:6]  ¹⁰ tc ‡ Most witnesses have αὐτοῦ (autou, “[with] him”) after ἀπάντησιν (apanthsin, “meeting”), a reading which makes explicit what is already implied in the shorter text (as found in א B 700). The translation likewise adds “him” for clarity’s sake even though the word is not considered part of the original text. NA²⁷ has αὐτοῦ in brackets, indicating doubts as to its authenticity.

[17:26]  ¹¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[17:26]  ¹² tn Or “as it happened.”

[17:26]  ¹³ sn Like the days of Noah, the time of the flood in Gen 6:5-8:22, the judgment will come as a surprise as people live their day to day lives.

[17:27]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “They.” The plural in Greek is indefinite, referring to people in general.

[17:27]  ¹⁵ tn These verbs (“eating… drinking… marrying… being given in marriage”) are all progressive imperfects, describing action in progress at that time.

[17:27]  ¹⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[17:27]  ¹⁷ sn Like that flood came and destroyed them all, the coming judgment associated with the Son of Man will condemn many.

[17:28]  ¹⁸ tn Or “as it happened.”

[17:28]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “they.” The plural in Greek is indefinite, referring to people in general.

[17:29]  ²⁰ sn And destroyed them all. The coming of the Son of Man will be like the judgment on Sodom, one of the most immoral places of the OT (Gen 19:16-17; Deut 32:32-33; Isa 1:10).