Discovery BoxExodus 14:17
Context14:17 And as for me, I am going to harden 1 the hearts of the Egyptians so that 2 they will come after them, that I may be honored 3 because 4 of Pharaoh and his army and his chariots and his horsemen.
Exodus 14:28
Context14:28 The water returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen and all the army of Pharaoh that was coming after the Israelites into the sea 5 – not so much as one of them survived! 6
Exodus 15:4
Context15:4 The chariots of Pharaoh 7 and his army he has thrown into the sea,
and his chosen 8 officers were drowned 9 in the Red Sea.
Exodus 15:19
Context15:19 For the horses of Pharaoh came with his chariots and his footmen into the sea,
and the Lord brought back the waters of the sea on them,
but the Israelites walked on dry land in the middle of the sea.”
Psalms 46:9
Context46:9 He brings an end to wars throughout the earth; 10
he shatters 11 the bow and breaks 12 the spear;
he burns 13 the shields with fire. 14
Psalms 76:6
Context76:6 At the sound of your battle cry, 15 O God of Jacob,
both rider 16 and horse “fell asleep.” 17
Ezekiel 39:20
Context39:20 You will fill up at my table with horses and charioteers, 18 with warriors and all the soldiers,’ declares the sovereign Lord.
Micah 5:10
Context5:10 “In that day,” says the Lord,
“I will destroy 19 your horses from your midst,
and smash your chariots.
Zechariah 4:6
Context4:6 Therefore he told me, “These signify the word of the Lord to Zerubbabel: ‘Not by strength and not by power, but by my Spirit,’ 20 says the Lord who rules over all.”
Zechariah 9:10
Context9:10 I will remove 21 the chariot from Ephraim
and the warhorse from Jerusalem,
and the battle bow will be removed.
Then he will announce peace to the nations.
His dominion will be from sea to sea
and from the Euphrates River 22 to the ends of the earth.
[14:17] 1 tn הִנְנִי (hinni) before the participle gives it the force of a futur instans participle, meaning “I am about to harden” or “I am going to harden” their heart.
[14:17] 2 tn The form again is the imperfect tense with vav (ו) to express the purpose or the result of the hardening. The repetition of the verb translated “come” is interesting: Moses is to divide the sea in order that the people may cross, but God will harden the Egyptians’ hearts in order that they may follow.
[14:17] 3 tn For the comments on this verb see the discussion in v. 4. God would get glory by defeating Egypt.
[14:17] 4 tn Or “I will get glory over.”
[14:28] 5 tn Heb “that was coming after them into the sea.” The referent of “them” (the Israelites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[14:28] 6 tn Heb “not was left among them as much as one.”
[15:4] 7 tn Gesenius notes that the sign of the accusative, often omitted in poetry, is not found in this entire song (GKC 363 §117.b).
[15:4] 8 tn The word is a substantive, “choice, selection”; it is here used in the construct state to convey an attribute before a partitive genitive – “the choice of his officers” means his “choice officers” (see GKC 417 §128.r).
[15:4] 9 tn The form is a Qal passive rather than a Pual, for there is not Piel form or meaning.
[46:9] 10 tn Heb “[the] one who causes wars to cease unto the end of the earth.” The participle continues the description begun in v. 8b and indicates that this is the
[46:9] 11 tn The verb שָׁבַר (shavar, “break”) appears in the Piel here (see Ps 29:5). In the OT it occurs thirty-six times in the Piel, always with multiple objects (the object is either a collective singular or grammatically plural or dual form). The Piel may highlight the repetition of the pluralative action, or it may suggest an intensification of action, indicating repeated action comprising a whole, perhaps with the nuance “break again and again, break in pieces.” Another option is to understand the form as resultative: “make broken” (see IBHS 404-7 §24.3). The imperfect verbal form carries on and emphasizes the generalizing nature of the description.
[46:9] 12 tn The perfect verbal form with vav (ו) consecutive carries along the generalizing emphasis of the preceding imperfect.
[46:9] 13 tn The imperfect verbal form carries on and emphasizes the generalizing nature of the description.
[46:9] 14 tn Heb “wagons he burns with fire.” Some read “chariots” here (cf. NASB), but the Hebrew word refers to wagons or carts, not chariots, elsewhere in the OT. In this context, where military weapons are mentioned, it is better to revocalize the form as עֲגִלוֹת (’agilot, “round shields”), a word which occurs only here in the OT, but is attested in later Hebrew and Aramaic.
[76:6] 15 tn Heb “from your shout.” The noun is derived from the Hebrew verb גָּעַר (ga’ar), which is often understood to mean “rebuke.” In some cases it is apparent that scolding or threatening is in view (see Gen 37:10; Ruth 2:16; Zech 3:2). However, in militaristic contexts this translation is inadequate, for the verb refers in this setting to the warrior’s battle cry, which terrifies and paralyzes the enemy. See A. Caquot, TDOT 3:53, and note the use of the verb in Pss 68:30; 106:9; Nah 1:4, as well as the related noun in Job 26:11; Pss 9:5; 18:15; 104:7; Isa 50:2; 51:20; 66:15.
[76:6] 16 tn Or “chariot,” but even so the term is metonymic for the charioteer.
[76:6] 17 tn Heb “he fell asleep, and [the] chariot and [the] horse.” Once again (see v. 5) “sleep” refers here to the “sleep” of death.
[5:10] 19 tn Heb “cut off” (also in the following verse).
[4:6] 20 sn It is premature to understand the Spirit here as the Holy Spirit (the third Person of the Trinity), though the OT prepares the way for that NT revelation (cf. Gen 1:2; Exod 23:3; 31:3; Num 11:17-29; Judg 3:10; 6:34; 2 Kgs 2:9, 15, 16; Ezek 2:2; 3:12; 11:1, 5).
[9:10] 21 tc The MT first person pronoun (“I”), which seems to shift the subject too abruptly, becomes 3rd person masculine singular (“he”) in the LXX (הִכְרִית, hikhrit, presupposed for הִכְרַתִּי, hikhratti). However, the
[9:10] 22 tn Heb “the river.” The Hebrew expression typically refers to the Euphrates, so the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
