Exodus 15:14-16

15:14 The nations will hear ¹  and tremble;

anguish ²  will seize ³  the inhabitants of Philistia.

15:15 Then the chiefs of Edom will be terrified, ⁴ 

trembling will seize ⁵  the leaders of Moab,

and the inhabitants of Canaan will shake.

15:16 Fear and dread ⁶  will fall ⁷  on them;

by the greatness ⁸  of your arm they will be as still as stone ⁹ 

until ¹⁰  your people pass by, O Lord,

until the people whom you have bought ¹¹  pass by.

Psalms 89:7

89:7 a God who is honored ¹²  in the great angelic assembly, ¹³ 

and more awesome than ¹⁴  all who surround him?

Isaiah 60:5

60:5 Then you will look and smile, ¹⁵ 

you will be excited and your heart will swell with pride. ¹⁶ 

For the riches of distant lands ¹⁷  will belong to you

and the wealth of nations will come to you.

Jeremiah 5:22

5:22 “You should fear me!” says the Lord.

“You should tremble in awe before me! ¹⁸ 

I made the sand to be a boundary for the sea,

a permanent barrier that it can never cross.

Its waves may roll, but they can never prevail.

They may roar, but they can never cross beyond that boundary.” ¹⁹ 

Jeremiah 10:7

10:7 Everyone should revere you, O King of all nations, ²⁰ 

because you deserve to be revered. ²¹ 

For there is no one like you

among any of the wise people of the nations nor among any of their kings. ²² 

Hosea 3:5

3:5 Afterward, the Israelites will turn and seek the Lord their God and their Davidic king. ²³  Then they will submit to the Lord in fear and receive his blessings ²⁴  in the future. ²⁵ 

Luke 12:4-5

12:4 “I ²⁶  tell you, my friends, do not be afraid of those who kill the body, ²⁷  and after that have nothing more they can do. 12:5 But I will warn ²⁸  you whom you should fear: Fear the one who, after the killing, ²⁹  has authority to throw you ³⁰  into hell. ³¹  Yes, I tell you, fear him!

[15:14]  ¹ tn This verb is a prophetic perfect, assuming that the text means what it said and this song was sung at the Sea. So all these countries were yet to hear of the victory.

[15:14]  ² tn The word properly refers to “pangs” of childbirth. When the nations hear, they will be terrified.

[15:14]  ³ tn The verb is again a prophetic perfect.

[15:15]  ⁴ tn This is a prophetic perfect.

[15:15]  ⁵ tn This verb is imperfect tense.

[15:16]  ⁶ tn The two words can form a nominal hendiadys, “a dreadful fear,” though most English versions retain the two separate terms.

[15:16]  ⁷ tn The form is an imperfect.

[15:16]  ⁸ tn The adjective is in construct form and governs the noun “arm” (“arm” being the anthropomorphic expression for what God did). See GKC 428 §132.c.

[15:16]  ⁹ sn For a study of the words for fear, see N. Waldman, “A Comparative Note on Exodus 15:14-16,” JQR 66 (1976): 189-92.

[15:16]  ¹⁰ tn Clauses beginning with עַד (’ad) express a limit that is not absolute, but only relative, beyond which the action continues (GKC 446-47 §138.g).

[15:16]  ¹¹ tn The verb קָנָה (qanah) here is the verb “acquire, purchase,” and probably not the homonym “to create, make” (see Gen 4:1; Deut 32:6; and Prov 8:22).

[89:7]  ¹² tn Heb “feared.”

[89:7]  ¹³ tn Heb “in the great assembly of the holy ones.”

[89:7]  ¹⁴ tn Or perhaps “feared by.”

[60:5]  ¹⁵ tn Or “shine,” or “be radiant” (NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[60:5]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and it will tremble and be wide, your heart.”

[60:5]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “the wealth of the sea,” i.e., wealth that is transported from distant lands via the sea.

[5:22]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “Should you not fear me? Should you not tremble in awe before me?” The rhetorical questions expect the answer explicit in the translation.

[5:22]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “it.” The referent is made explicit to avoid any possible confusion.

[10:7]  ²⁰ tn Heb “Who should not revere you…?” The question is rhetorical and expects a negative answer.

[10:7]  ²¹ tn Heb “For it is fitting to you.”

[10:7]  ²² tn Heb “their royalty/dominion.” This is a case of substitution of the abstract for the concrete “royalty, royal power” for “kings” who exercise it.

[3:5]  ²³ tn Heb “David their king”; cf. NCV “the king from David’s family”; TEV “a descendant of David their king”; NLT “David’s descendant, their king.”

[3:5]  ²⁴ tn Heb “his goodness”; NLT “his good gifts.”

[3:5]  ²⁵ tn Heb “in the end of the days.” Cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NCV, NLT “in the last days.”

[12:4]  ²⁶ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[12:4]  ²⁷ sn Judaism had a similar exhortation in 4 Macc 13:14-15.

[12:5]  ²⁸ tn Grk “will show,” but in this reflective context such a demonstration is a warning or exhortation.

[12:5]  ²⁹ sn The actual performer of the killing is not here specified. It could be understood to be God (so NASB, NRSV) but it could simply emphasize that, after a killing has taken place, it is God who casts the person into hell.

[12:5]  ³⁰ tn The direct object (“you”) is understood.

[12:5]  ³¹ sn The word translated hell is “Gehenna” (γέεννα, geenna), a Greek transliteration of the Hebrew words ge hinnom (“Valley of Hinnom”). This was the valley along the south side of Jerusalem. In OT times it was used for human sacrifices to the pagan god Molech (cf. Jer 7:31; 19:5-6; 32:35), and it came to be used as a place where human excrement and rubbish were disposed of and burned. In the intertestamental period, it came to be used symbolically as the place of divine punishment (cf. 1 En. 27:2, 90:26; 4 Ezra 7:36).