Exodus 30:34-38

30:34 The Lord said to Moses: “Take ¹  spices, gum resin, ²  onycha, ³  galbanum, ⁴  and pure frankincense ⁵  of equal amounts ⁶  30:35 and make it into an incense, ⁷  a perfume, ⁸  the work of a perfumer. It is to be finely ground, ⁹  and pure and sacred. 30:36 You are to beat some of it very fine and put some of it before the ark of the testimony in the tent of meeting where I will meet with you; it is to be most holy to you. 30:37 And the incense that you are to make, you must not make for yourselves using the same recipe; it is to be most holy to you, belonging to the Lord. 30:38 Whoever makes anything like it, to use as perfume, ¹⁰  will be cut off from his people.”

Exodus 31:11

31:11 the anointing oil, and sweet incense for the Holy Place. They will make all these things just as I have commanded you.”

Exodus 37:29

37:29 He made the sacred anointing oil and the pure fragrant incense, the work of a perfumer.

Revelation 8:3-4

8:3 Another ¹¹  angel holding ¹²  a golden censer ¹³  came and was stationed ¹⁴  at the altar. A ¹⁵  large amount of incense was given to him to offer up, with the prayers of all the saints, on the golden altar that is before the throne. 8:4 The ¹⁶  smoke coming from the incense, ¹⁷  along with the prayers of the saints, ascended before God from the angel’s hand.

[30:34]  ¹ tn The construction is “take to you,” which could be left in that literal sense, but more likely the suffix is an ethical dative, stressing the subject of the imperative.

[30:34]  ² sn This is from a word that means “to drip”; the spice is a balsam that drips from a resinous tree.

[30:34]  ³ sn This may be a plant, or it may be from a species of mollusks; it is mentioned in Ugaritic and Akkadian; it gives a pungent odor when burnt.

[30:34]  ⁴ sn This is a gum from plants of the genus Ferula; it has an unpleasant odor, but when mixed with others is pleasant.

[30:34]  ⁵ tn The word “spice is repeated here, suggesting that the first three formed half of the ingredient and this spice the other half – but this is conjecture (U. Cassuto, Exodus, 400).

[30:34]  ⁶ tn Heb “of each part there will be an equal part.”

[30:35]  ⁷ tn This is an accusative of result or product.

[30:35]  ⁸ tn The word is in apposition to “incense,” further defining the kind of incense that is to be made.

[30:35]  ⁹ tn The word מְמֻלָּח (mÿmullakh), a passive participle, is usually taken to mean “salted.” Since there is no meaning like that for the Pual form, the word probably should be taken as “mixed,” as in Rashi and Tg. Onq. Seasoning with salt would work if it were food, but since it is not food, if it means “salted” it would be a symbol of what was sound and whole for the covenant. Some have thought that it would have helped the incense burn quickly with more smoke.

[30:38]  ¹⁰ tn Or to smell it, to use for the maker’s own pleasure.

[8:3]  ¹¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[8:3]  ¹² tn Grk “having.”

[8:3]  ¹³ sn A golden censer was a bowl in which incense was burned. The imagery suggests the OT role of the priest.

[8:3]  ¹⁴ tn The verb “to station” was used to translate ἑστάθη (Jestaqh) because it connotes the idea of purposeful arrangement in English, which seems to be the idea in the Greek.

[8:3]  ¹⁵ tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[8:4]  ¹⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[8:4]  ¹⁷ tn The expression τῶν θυμιαμάτων (twn qumiamatwn) is taken as a “genitive of producer,” i.e., the noun in the genitive produces the head noun.