Exodus 8:2-7

8:2 But if you refuse to release them, then I am going to plague ¹  all your territory with frogs. ²  8:3 The Nile will swarm ³  with frogs, and they will come up and go into your house, in your bedroom, and on your bed, and into the houses of your servants and your people, and into your ovens and your kneading troughs. ⁴  8:4 Frogs ⁵  will come up against you, your people, and all your servants.”’” ⁶ 

8:5 The Lord spoke to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Extend your hand with your staff ⁷  over the rivers, over the canals, and over the ponds, and bring the frogs up over the land of Egypt.’” 8:6 So Aaron extended his hand over the waters of Egypt, and frogs ⁸  came up and covered the land of Egypt.

8:7 The magicians did the same ⁹  with their secret arts and brought up frogs on the land of Egypt too. ¹⁰ 

Psalms 78:45

78:45 He sent swarms of biting insects against them, ¹¹ 

as well as frogs that overran their land. ¹² 

Psalms 105:30

105:30 Their land was overrun by frogs,

which even got into the rooms of their kings.

[8:2]  ¹ tn The construction here uses the deictic particle and the participle to convey the imminent future: “I am going to plague/about to plague.” The verb נָגַף (nagaf) means “to strike, to smite,” and its related noun means “a blow, a plague, pestilence” or the like. For Yahweh to say “I am about to plague you” could just as easily mean “I am about to strike you.” That is why these “plagues” can be described as “blows” received from God.

[8:2]  ² tn Heb “plague all your border with frogs.” The expression “all your border” is figurative for all the territory of Egypt and the people and things that are within the borders (also used in Exod 10:4, 14, 19; 13:7).

[8:3]  ³ sn The choice of this verb שָׁרַץ (sharats) recalls its use in the creation account (Gen 1:20). The water would be swarming with frogs in abundance. There is a hint here of this being a creative work of God as well.

[8:3]  ⁴ sn This verse lists places the frogs will go. The first three are for Pharaoh personally – they are going to touch his private life. Then the text mentions the servants and the people. Mention of the ovens and kneading bowls (or troughs) of the people indicates that food would be contaminated and that it would be impossible even to eat a meal in peace.

[8:4]  ⁵ tn Here again is the generic use of the article, designating the class – frogs.

[8:4]  ⁶ sn The word order of the Hebrew text is important because it shows how the plague was pointedly directed at Pharaoh: “and against you, and against your people, and against all your servants frogs will go up.”

[8:5]  ⁷ sn After the instructions for Pharaoh (7:25-8:4), the plague now is brought on by the staff in Aaron’s hand (8:5-7). This will lead to the confrontation (vv. 8-11) and the hardening (vv. 12-15).

[8:6]  ⁸ tn The noun is singular, a collective. B. Jacob notes that this would be the more natural way to refer to the frogs (Exodus, 260).

[8:7]  ⁹ tn Heb “thus, so.”

[8:7]  ¹⁰ sn In these first two plagues the fact that the Egyptians could and did duplicate them is ironic. By duplicating the experience, they added to the misery of Egypt. One wonders why they did not use their skills to rid the land of the pests instead, and the implication of course is that they could not.

[78:45]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and he sent an insect swarm against them and it devoured them.”

[78:45]  ¹² tn Heb “and a swarm of frogs and it destroyed them.”