Exodus 14:21

14:21 Moses stretched out his hand toward the sea, and the Lord drove the sea apart ¹  by a strong east wind all that night, and he made the sea into dry land, and the water was divided.

Genesis 41:6

41:6 Then ²  seven heads of grain, thin and burned by the east wind, were sprouting up after them.

Psalms 78:26

78:26 He brought the east wind through the sky,

and by his strength led forth the south wind.

Psalms 107:25-28

107:25 He gave the order for a windstorm, ³ 

and it stirred up the waves of the sea. ⁴ 

107:26 They ⁵  reached up to the sky,

then dropped into the depths.

The sailors’ strength ⁶  left them ⁷  because the danger was so great. ⁸ 

107:27 They swayed ⁹  and staggered like a drunk,

and all their skill proved ineffective. ¹⁰ 

107:28 They cried out to the Lord in their distress;

he delivered them from their troubles.

Psalms 148:8

148:8 O fire and hail, snow and clouds, ¹¹ 

O stormy wind that carries out his orders, ¹² 

Jonah 1:4

1:4 But ¹³  the Lord hurled ¹⁴  a powerful ¹⁵  wind on the sea. Such a violent ¹⁶  tempest arose on the sea that ¹⁷  the ship threatened to break up! ¹⁸ 

Jonah 4:8

4:8 When the sun began to shine, God sent ¹⁹  a hot ²⁰  east wind. So the sun beat down ²¹  on Jonah’s head, and he grew faint. So he despaired of life, ²²  and said, “I would rather die than live!” ²³ 

Matthew 8:27

8:27 And the men ²⁴  were amazed and said, ²⁵  “What sort of person is this? Even the winds and the sea obey him!” ²⁶ 

[14:21]  ¹ tn Or “drove the sea back” (NIV, NCV, NRSV, TEV). The verb is simply the Hiphil of הָלַךְ (halakh, “to walk, go”). The context requires that it be interpreted along the lines of “go back, go apart.”

[41:6]  ² tn Heb “And look.”

[107:25]  ³ tn Heb “he spoke and caused to stand a stormy wind.”

[107:25]  ⁴ tn Heb “and it stirred up its [i.e., the sea’s, see v. 23] waves.”

[107:26]  ⁵ tn That is, the waves (see v. 25).

[107:26]  ⁶ tn Heb “their being”; traditionally “their soul” (referring to that of the sailors). This is sometimes translated “courage” (cf. NIV, NRSV).

[107:26]  ⁷ tn Or “melted.”

[107:26]  ⁸ tn Heb “from danger.”

[107:27]  ⁹ tn Only here does the Hebrew verb חָגַג (khagag; normally meaning “to celebrate”) carry the nuance “to sway.”

[107:27]  ¹⁰ tn The Hitpael of בָלַע (vala’) occurs only here in the OT. Traditionally the form is derived from the verbal root בלע (“to swallow”), but HALOT 135 s.v. III בלע understands a homonym here with the meaning “to be confused.”

[148:8]  ¹¹ tn In Ps 119:83 the noun refers to “smoke,” but here, where the elements of nature are addressed, the clouds, which resemble smoke, are probably in view.

[148:8]  ¹² tn Heb “[that] does his word.”

[1:4]  ¹³ tn The disjunctive construction of vav + nonverb followed by a nonpreterite marks a strong contrast in the narrative action (וַיהוָה הֵטִיל, vayhvah hetil; “But the Lord hurled…”).

[1:4]  ¹⁴ tn The Hiphil of טוּל (tul, “to hurl”) is used here and several times in this episode for rhetorical emphasis (see vv. 5 and 15).

[1:4]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “great.” Typically English versions vary the adjective here and before “tempest” to avoid redundancy: e.g., KJV, ASV, NRSV “great...mighty”; NAB “violent…furious”; NIV “great…violent”; NLT “powerful…violent.”

[1:4]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “great.”

[1:4]  ¹⁷ tn The nonconsecutive construction of vav + nonverb followed by nonpreterite is used to emphasize this result clause (וְהָאֳנִיָּה חִשְּׁבָה לְהִשָׁבֵר, vÿha’oniyyah khishvah lÿhishaver; “that the ship threatened to break up”).

[1:4]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “the ship seriously considered breaking apart.” The use of חָשַׁב (khashav, “think”) in the Piel (“to think about; to seriously consider”) personifies the ship to emphasize the ferocity of the storm. The lexicons render the clause idiomatically: “the ship was about to be broken up” (BDB 363 s.v. חָשַׁב 2; HALOT 360 s.v. חשׁב).

[4:8]  ¹⁹ tn Or “appointed.” See preceding note on v. 7.

[4:8]  ²⁰ tc The MT adjective חֲרִישִׁית (kharishit, “autumnal”) is a hapax legomenon with an unclear meaning (BDB 362 s.v. חֲרִישִׁי); therefore, the BHS editors propose a conjectural emendation to the adjective חֲרִיפִית (kharifit, “autumnal”) from the noun חֹרֶף (khoref, “autumn”; see BDB 358 s.v. חרֶף). However, this emendation would also create a hapax legomenon and it would be no more clear than relating the MT’s חֲרִישִׁית to I חָרַשׁ (kharash, “to plough” [in autumn harvest]).

[4:8]  ²¹ tn Heb “attacked” or “smote.”

[4:8]  ²² tn Heb “he asked his soul to die.”

[4:8]  ²³ tn Heb “better my death than my life.”

[8:27]  ²⁴ tn It is difficult to know whether ἄνθρωποι (anqrwpoi) should be translated as “men” or “people” (in a generic sense) here. At issue is whether (1) only the Twelve were with Jesus in the boat, as opposed to other disciples (cf. v. 23), and (2) whether any of those other disciples would have been women. The issue is complicated further by the parallel in Mark (4:35-41), where the author writes (4:36) that other boats accompanied them on this journey.

[8:27]  ²⁵ tn Grk “the men were amazed, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) has been translated as a finite verb to make the sequence of events clear in English.

[8:27]  ²⁶ sn Jesus’ authority over creation raised a question for the disciples about his identity (What sort of person is this?). This verse shows that the disciples followed Jesus even though they did not know all about him yet.