Discovery BoxExodus 14:25
Context14:25 He jammed 1 the wheels of their chariots so that they had difficulty driving, 2 and the Egyptians said, “Let’s flee 3 from Israel, for the Lord fights 4 for them against Egypt!”
Job 22:13
Context22:13 But you have said, ‘What does God know?
Does he judge through such deep darkness? 5
Job 23:15-16
Context23:15 That is why I am terrified in his presence;
when I consider, I am afraid because of him.
23:16 Indeed, God has made my heart faint; 6
the Almighty has terrified me.
Job 34:20
Context34:20 In a moment they die, in the middle of the night, 7
people 8 are shaken 9 and they pass away.
The mighty are removed effortlessly. 10
Job 34:29
Context34:29 But if God 11 is quiet, who can condemn 12 him?
If he hides his face, then who can see him?
Yet 13 he is over the individual and the nation alike, 14
Psalms 48:5
Context48:5 As soon as they see, 15 they are shocked; 16
they are terrified, they quickly retreat. 17
[14:25] 1 tn The word in the text is וַיָּסַר (vayyasar), which would be translated “and he turned aside” with the sense perhaps of removing the wheels. The reading in the LXX, Smr, and Syriac suggests a root אָסַר (’asar, “to bind”). The sense here might be “clogged – presumably by their sinking in the wet sand” (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 120).
[14:25] 2 tn The clause is וַיְנַהֲגֵהוּ בִּכְבֵדֻת (vaynahagehu bikhvedut). The verb means “to drive a chariot”; here in the Piel it means “cause to drive.” The suffix is collective, and so the verbal form can be translated “and caused them to drive.” The idea of the next word is “heaviness” or “hardship”; it recalls the previous uses of related words to describe Pharaoh’s heart. Here it indicates that the driving of the crippled chariots was with difficulty.
[14:25] 3 tn The cohortative has the hortatory use here, “Let’s flee.” Although the form is singular, the sense of it is plural and so hortatory can be used. The form is singular to agree with the singular subject, “Egypt,” which obviously means the Egyptian army. The word for “flee” is used when someone runs from fear of immanent danger and is a different word than the one used in 14:5.
[14:25] 4 tn The form is the Niphal participle; it is used as the predicate here, that is, the verbal use: “the
[22:13] 5 sn Eliphaz is giving to Job the thoughts and words of the pagans, for they say, “How does God know, and is there knowledge in the Most High?” (see Ps 73:11; 94:11).
[23:16] 6 tn The verb הֵרַךְ (kherakh) means “to be tender”; in the Piel it would have the meaning “to soften.” The word is used in parallel constructions with the verbs for “fear.” The implication is that God has made Job fearful.
[34:20] 7 tn Dhorme transposes “in the middle of the night” with “they pass away” to get a smoother reading. But the MT emphasizes the suddenness by putting both temporal ideas first. E. F. Sutcliffe leaves the order as it stands in the text, but adds a verb “they expire” after “in the middle of the night” (“Notes on Job, textual and exegetical,” Bib 30 [1949]: 79ff.).
[34:20] 8 tn R. Gordis (Job, 389) thinks “people” here mean the people who count, the upper class.
[34:20] 9 tn The verb means “to be violently agitated.” There is no problem with the word in this context, but commentators have made suggestions for improving the idea. The proposal that has the most to commend it, if one were inclined to choose a new word, is the change to יִגְוָעוּ (yigva’u, “they expire”; so Ball, Holscher, Fohrer, and others).
[34:20] 10 tn Heb “not by hand.” This means without having to use force.
[34:29] 11 tn Heb “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[34:29] 12 tn The verb in this position is somewhat difficult, although it does make good sense in the sentence – it is just not what the parallelism would suggest. So several emendations have been put forward, for which see the commentaries.
[34:29] 13 tn The line simply reads “and over a nation and over a man together.” But it must be the qualification for the points being made in the previous lines, namely, that even if God hides himself so no one can see, yet he is still watching over them all (see H. H. Rowley, Job [NCBC], 222).
[34:29] 14 tn The word translated “alike” (Heb “together”) has bothered some interpreters. In the reading taken here it is acceptable. But others have emended it to gain a verb, such as “he visits” (Beer), “he watches over” (Duhm), “he is compassionate” (Kissane), etc. But it is sufficient to say “he is over.”
[48:5] 15 tn The object of “see” is omitted, but v. 3b suggests that the
[48:5] 16 tn Heb “they look, so they are shocked.” Here כֵּן (ken, “so”) has the force of “in the same measure.”
[48:5] 17 tn The translation attempts to reflect the staccato style of the Hebrew text, where the main clauses of vv. 4-6 are simply juxtaposed without connectives.
