Exodus 25:5

25:5 ram skins dyed red, ¹  fine leather, ²  acacia ³  wood,

Exodus 35:7

35:7 ram skins dyed red, fine leather, ⁴  acacia wood,

Exodus 35:23

35:23 Everyone who had ⁵  blue, purple, or ⁶  scarlet yarn, fine linen, goats’ hair, ram skins dyed red, or fine leather ⁷  brought them. ⁸ 

Exodus 39:34

39:34 and the coverings of ram skins dyed red, the covering of fine leather, ⁹  and the protecting ¹⁰  curtain;

Numbers 4:10

4:10 Then they must put it with all its utensils in a covering of fine leather, and put it on a carrying beam. ¹¹ 

Ezekiel 16:10

16:10 I dressed you in embroidered clothing and put fine leather sandals on your feet. I wrapped you with fine linen and covered you with silk.

[25:5]  ¹ sn W. C. Kaiser compares this to morocco leather (“Exodus,” EBC 2:453); it was skin that had all the wool removed and then was prepared as leather and dyed red. N. M. Sarna, on the other hand, comments, “The technique of leather production is never described [in ancient Hebrew texts]. Hence, it is unclear whether Hebrew me’oddamim (מְאָדָּמִים), literally ‘made red,’ refers to the tanning or dyeing process” (Exodus [JPSTC], 157).

[25:5]  ² tn The meaning of the word תְּחָשִׁים (tÿkhashim) is debated. The Arabic tuhas or duhas is a dolphin, and so some think a sea animal is meant – something like a dolphin or porpoise (cf. NASB; ASV “sealskins”; NIV “hides of sea cows”). Porpoises are common in the Red Sea; their skins are used for clothing by the bedouin. The word has also been connected to an Egyptian word for “leather” (ths); see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 265. Some variation of this is followed by NRSV (“fine leather”) and NLT (“fine goatskin leather”). Another suggestion connects this word to an Akkadian one that describes a precious stone that is yellow or ornge and also leather died with the color of this stone (N. M. Sarna, Exodus [JPSTC], 157-58).

[25:5]  ³ sn The wood of the acacia is darker and harder than oak, and so very durable.

[35:7]  ⁴ tn See the note on this phrase in Exod 25:5.

[35:23]  ⁵ tn The text uses a relative clause with a resumptive pronoun for this: “who was found with him,” meaning “with whom was found.”

[35:23]  ⁶ tn The conjunction in this verse is translated “or” because the sentence does not intend to say that each person had all these things. They brought what they had.

[35:23]  ⁷ tn See the note on this phrase in Exod 25:5.

[35:23]  ⁸ tn Here “them” has been supplied.

[39:34]  ⁹ tn See the note on this phrase in Exod 25:5.

[39:34]  ¹⁰ tn Or “shielding” (NIV); NASB “the screening veil.”

[4:10]  ¹¹ tn The “pole” or “bar” (מוֹט, mot) is of a different style than the poles used for transporting the ark. It seems to be a flexible bar carried by two men with the implements being transported tied to the bar. The NEB suggests the items were put in a bag and slung over the bar, but there is no indication of the manner.