Ezekiel 1:26

1:26 Above the platform over their heads was something like a sapphire shaped like a throne. High above on the throne was a form that appeared to be a man.

Ezekiel 10:1

God’s Glory Leaves the Temple

10:1 As I watched, I saw ¹  on the platform ²  above the top of the cherubim something like a sapphire, resembling the shape of a throne, appearing above them.

Psalms 47:8

47:8 God reigns ³  over the nations!

God sits on his holy throne!

Psalms 99:1

Psalm 99 ⁴ 

99:1 The Lord reigns!

The nations tremble. ⁵ 

He sits enthroned above the winged angels; ⁶ 

the earth shakes. ⁷ 

Isaiah 6:1

Isaiah’s Commission

6:1 In the year of King Uzziah’s death, ⁸  I saw the sovereign master ⁹  seated on a high, elevated throne. The hem of his robe filled the temple.

Jeremiah 3:17

3:17 At that time the city of Jerusalem ¹⁰  will be called the Lord’s throne. All nations will gather there in Jerusalem to honor the Lord’s name. ¹¹  They will no longer follow the stubborn inclinations of their own evil hearts. ¹² 

Jeremiah 14:21

14:21 For the honor of your name, ¹³  do not treat Jerusalem ¹⁴  with contempt.

Do not treat with disdain the place where your glorious throne sits. ¹⁵ 

Be mindful of your covenant with us. Do not break it! ¹⁶ 

Jeremiah 17:12

Jeremiah Appeals to the Lord for Vindication

17:12 Then I said, ¹⁷ 

“Lord, from the very beginning

you have been seated on your glorious throne on high.

You are the place where we can find refuge.

Acts 7:48-49

7:48 Yet the Most High ¹⁸  does not live in houses made by human hands, ¹⁹  as the prophet says,

7:49 ‘Heaven is my throne,

and earth is the footstool for my feet.

What kind of house will you build for me, says the Lord,

or what is my resting place? ²⁰ 

Revelation 22:3

22:3 And there will no longer be any curse, ²¹  and the throne of God and the Lamb will be in the city. ²²  His ²³  servants ²⁴  will worship ²⁵  him,

[10:1]  ¹ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[10:1]  ² tn Or “like a dome.” See 1:22-26.

[47:8]  ³ tn When a new king was enthroned, his followers would acclaim him king using this enthronement formula (Qal perfect 3ms מָלַךְ, malakh, “to reign,” followed by the name of the king). See 2 Sam 15:10; 1 Kgs 1:11, 13, 18; 2 Kgs 9:13, as well as Isa 52:7. In this context the perfect verbal form is generalizing, but the declaration logically follows the historical reference in v. 5 to the Lord’s having ascended his throne.

[99:1]  ⁴ sn Psalm 99. The psalmist celebrates the Lord’s just rule and recalls how he revealed himself to Israel’s leaders.

[99:1]  ⁵ tn The prefixed verbal forms in v. 1 are understood here as indicating the nations’ characteristic response to the reality of the Lord’s kingship. Another option is to take them as jussives: “let the nations tremble…let the earth shake!”

[99:1]  ⁶ sn Winged angels (Heb “cherubs”). Cherubs, as depicted in the OT, possess both human and animal (lion, ox, and eagle) characteristics (see Ezek 1:10; 10:14, 21; 41:18). They are pictured as winged creatures (Exod 25:20; 37:9; 1 Kgs 6:24-27; Ezek 10:8, 19) and serve as the very throne of God when the ark of the covenant is in view (Ps 99:1; see Num 7:89; 1 Sam 4:4; 2 Sam 6:2; 2 Kgs 19:15). The picture of the Lord seated on the cherubs suggests they might be used by him as a vehicle, a function they carry out in Ezek 1:22-28 (the “living creatures” mentioned here are identified as cherubs in Ezek 10:20). In Ps 18:10 the image of a cherub serves to personify the wind.

[99:1]  ⁷ tn The Hebrew verb נוּט (nut) occurs only here in the OT, but the meaning can be determined on the basis of the parallelism with רָגַז (ragaz, “tremble”) and evidence from the cognate languages (see H. R. Cohen, Biblical Hapax Legomena [SBLDS], 121).

[6:1]  ⁸ sn That is, approximately 740 b.c.

[6:1]  ⁹ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in vv. 8, 11 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[3:17]  ¹⁰ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[3:17]  ¹¹ tn Heb “will gather to the name of the Lord.”

[3:17]  ¹² tn Heb “the stubbornness of their evil hearts.”

[14:21]  ¹³ tn Heb “For the sake of your name.”

[14:21]  ¹⁴ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[14:21]  ¹⁵ tn English versions quite commonly supply “us” as an object for the verb in the first line. This is probably wrong. The Hebrew text reads: “Do not treat with contempt for the sake of your name; do not treat with disdain your glorious throne.” This is case of poetic parallelism where the object is left hanging until the second line. For an example of this see Prov 13:1 in the original and consult E. W. Bullinger, Figures of Speech, 103-4. There has also been some disagreement whether “your glorious throne” refers to the temple (as in 17:12) or Jerusalem (as in 3:17). From the beginning of the prayer in v. 19 where a similar kind of verb has been used with respect to Zion/Jerusalem it would appear that the contextual referent is Jerusalem. The absence of an object from the first line makes it possible to retain part of the metaphor in the translation and still convey some meaning.

[14:21]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “Remember, do not break your covenant with us.”

[17:12]  ¹⁷ tn The words, “Then I said” are not in the text. They are supplied in the translation for clarity to show the shift in speaker.

[7:48]  ¹⁸ sn The title the Most High points to God’s majesty (Heb 7:1; Luke 1:32, 35; Acts 16:7).

[7:48]  ¹⁹ sn The phrase made by human hands is negative in the NT: Mark 14:58; Acts 17:24; Eph 2:11; Heb 9:11, 24. It suggests “man-made” or “impermanent.” The rebuke is like parts of the Hebrew scripture where the rebuke is not of the temple, but for making too much of it (1 Kgs 8:27; Isa 57:15; 1 Chr 6:8; Jer 7:1-34).

[7:49]  ²⁰ sn What kind…resting place? The rhetorical questions suggest mere human beings cannot build a house to contain God.

[22:3]  ²¹ tn Or “be anything accursed” (L&N 33.474).

[22:3]  ²² tn Grk “in it”; the referent (the city, the new Jerusalem) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:3]  ²³ tn Grk “city, and his.” Although this is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek, a new sentence was started here in the translation because of the introduction of the Lamb’s followers.

[22:3]  ²⁴ tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

[22:3]  ²⁵ tn Or “will serve.”