Galatians 1:11

Paul’s Vindication of His Apostleship

1:11 Now ¹  I want you to know, brothers and sisters, ²  that the gospel I preached is not of human origin. ³ 

Galatians 1:20

1:20 I assure you ⁴  that, before God, I am not lying about what I am writing to you! ⁵ 

Galatians 4:6

4:6 And because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, who calls ⁶  “Abba! ⁷  Father!”

Galatians 4:22

4:22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the ⁸  slave woman and the other by the free woman.

Galatians 5:3

5:3 And I testify again to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey ⁹  the whole law.

[1:11]  ¹ tc ‡ The conjunction δέ (de) is found in Ì⁴⁶ א*^,2 A D¹ Ψ 1739 1881 Ï sy bo, while γάρ (gar) is the conjunction of choice in א¹ B D*^,c F G 33 pc lat sa. There are thus good representatives on each side. Scribes generally tended to prefer γάρ in such instances, most likely because it was more forceful and explicit. γάρ is thus seen as a motivated reading. For this reason, δέ is preferred.

[1:11]  ² tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” as here (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited).

[1:11]  ³ tn Grk “is not according to man.”

[1:20]  ⁴ tn Grk “behold.”

[1:20]  ⁵ tn Grk “What things I am writing to you, behold, before God [that] I am not lying.”

[4:6]  ⁷ tn Grk “calling.” The participle is neuter indicating that the Spirit is the one who calls.

[4:6]  ⁸ tn The term “Abba” is the Greek transliteration of the Aramaic אַבָּא (’abba’), literally meaning “my father” but taken over simply as “father,” used in prayer and in the family circle, and later taken over by the early Greek-speaking Christians (BDAG 1 s.v. ἀββα).

[4:22]  ¹⁰ tn Paul’s use of the Greek article here and before the phrase “free woman” presumes that both these characters are well known to the recipients of his letter. This verse is given as an example of the category called “well-known (‘celebrity’ or ‘familiar’) article” by ExSyn 225.

[5:3]  ¹³ tn Or “keep”; or “carry out”; Grk “do.”