Galatians 1:8-9

1:8 But even if we (or an angel from heaven) should preach ¹  a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, ²  let him be condemned to hell! ³  1:9 As we have said before, and now I say again, if any one is preaching to you a gospel contrary to what you received, let him be condemned to hell! ⁴ 

Galatians 2:11

Paul Rebukes Peter

2:11 But when Cephas ⁵  came to Antioch, ⁶  I opposed him to his face, because he had clearly done wrong. ⁷ 

Galatians 2:13

2:13 And the rest of the Jews also joined with him in this hypocrisy, so that even Barnabas was led astray with them ⁸  by their hypocrisy.

Galatians 3:1

Justification by Law or by Faith?

3:1 You ⁹  foolish Galatians! Who has cast a spell ¹⁰  on you? Before your eyes Jesus Christ was vividly portrayed ¹¹  as crucified!

Galatians 3:11-12

3:11 Now it is clear no one is justified before God by the law, because the righteous one will live by faith. ¹²  3:12 But the law is not based on faith, ¹³  but the one who does the works of the law ¹⁴  will live by them. ¹⁵ 

Galatians 3:15

Inheritance Comes from Promises and not Law

3:15 Brothers and sisters, ¹⁶  I offer an example from everyday life: ¹⁷  When a covenant ¹⁸  has been ratified, ¹⁹  even though it is only a human contract, no one can set it aside or add anything to it.

Galatians 4:1

4:1 Now I mean that the heir, as long as he is a minor, ²⁰  is no different from a slave, though he is the owner ²¹  of everything.

Galatians 4:22

4:22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the ²²  slave woman and the other by the free woman.

[1:8]  ¹ tc ‡ Most witnesses have ὑμῖν (Jumin, “to you”) either after (א² A [D* ὑμᾶς] 6 33 326 614 945 1881 Ï Tert^pt Ambst) or before (Ì^51vid B H 0278 630 1175 [1739* ἡμῖν]) εὐαγγελίζηται (euaggelizhtai, “should preach” [or some variation on the form of this verb]). But the fact that it floats suggests its inauthenticity, especially since it appears to be a motivated reading for purposes of clarification. The following witnesses lack the pronoun: א* F G Ψ ar b g Cyp Mcion^T Tert^pt Lcf. The external evidence admittedly is not as weighty as evidence for the pronoun, but coupled with strong internal evidence the shorter reading should be considered original. Although it is possible that scribes may have deleted the pronoun to make Paul’s statement seem more universal, the fact that the pronoun floats suggests otherwise. NA²⁷ has the pronoun in brackets, indicating doubt as to its authenticity.

[1:8]  ² tn Or “other than the one we preached to you.”

[1:8]  ³ tn Grk “let him be accursed” (ἀνάθεμα, anaqema). The translation gives the outcome which is implied by this dreadful curse.

[1:9]  ⁴ tn See the note on this phrase in the previous verse.

[2:11]  ⁷ sn Cephas. This individual is generally identified with the Apostle Peter (L&N 93.211).

[2:11]  ⁸ map For location see JP1 F2; JP2 F2; JP3 F2; JP4 F2.

[2:11]  ⁹ tn Grk “because he stood condemned.”

[2:13]  ¹⁰ tn The words “with them” are a reflection of the σύν- (sun-) prefix on the verb συναπήχθη (sunaphcqh; see L&N 31.76).

[3:1]  ¹³ tn Grk “O” (an interjection used both in address and emotion). In context the following section is highly charged emotionally.

[3:1]  ¹⁴ tn Or “deceived”; the verb βασκαίνω (baskainw) can be understood literally here in the sense of bewitching by black magic, but could also be understood figuratively to refer to an act of deception (see L&N 53.98 and 88.159).

[3:1]  ¹⁵ tn Or “publicly placarded,” “set forth in a public proclamation” (BDAG 867 s.v. προγράφω 2).

[3:11]  ¹⁶ tn Or “The one who is righteous by faith will live” (a quotation from Hab 2:4).

[3:12]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “is not from faith.”

[3:12]  ²⁰ tn Grk “who does these things”; the referent (the works of the law, see 3:5) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:12]  ²¹ sn A quotation from Lev 18:5. The phrase the works of the law is an editorial expansion on the Greek text (see previous note); it has been left as normal typeface to indicate it is not part of the OT text.

[3:15]  ²² tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.

[3:15]  ²³ tn Grk “I speak according to man,” referring to the illustration that follows.

[3:15]  ²⁴ tn The same Greek word, διαθήκη (diaqhkh), can mean either “covenant” or “will,” but in this context the former is preferred here because Paul is discussing in vv. 16-18 the Abrahamic covenant.

[3:15]  ²⁵ tn Or “has been put into effect.”

[4:1]  ²⁵ tn Grk “a small child.” The Greek term νήπιος (nhpios) refers to a young child, no longer a helpless infant but probably not more than three or four years old (L&N 9.43). The point in context, though, is that this child is too young to take any responsibility for the management of his assets.

[4:1]  ²⁶ tn Grk “master” or “lord” (κύριος, kurios).

[4:22]  ²⁸ tn Paul’s use of the Greek article here and before the phrase “free woman” presumes that both these characters are well known to the recipients of his letter. This verse is given as an example of the category called “well-known (‘celebrity’ or ‘familiar’) article” by ExSyn 225.