Genesis 15:16

15:16 In the fourth generation ¹  your descendants ²  will return here, for the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its limit.” ³ 

Exodus 3:8

3:8 I have come down ⁴  to deliver them ⁵  from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up from that land to a land that is both good and spacious, ⁶  to a land flowing with milk and honey, ⁷  to the region of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. ⁸ 

Exodus 34:11

34:11 “Obey ⁹  what I am commanding you this day. I am going to drive out ¹⁰  before you the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.

Numbers 21:24

21:24 But the Israelites ¹¹  defeated him in battle ¹²  and took possession of his land from the Arnon to the Jabbok, as far as the Ammonites, for the border of the Ammonites was strongly defended.

Deuteronomy 2:24-33

2:24 Get up, make your way across Wadi Arnon. Look! I have already delivered over to you Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, ¹³  and his land. Go ahead! Take it! Engage him in war! 2:25 This very day I will begin to fill all the people of the earth ¹⁴  with dread and to terrify them when they hear about you. They will shiver and shake in anticipation of your approach.” ¹⁵ 

Defeat of Sihon, King of Heshbon

2:26 Then I sent messengers from the Kedemoth ¹⁶  Desert to King Sihon of Heshbon with an offer of peace: 2:27 “Let me pass through your land; I will keep strictly to the roadway. ¹⁷  I will not turn aside to the right or the left. 2:28 Sell me food for cash ¹⁸  so that I can eat and sell me water to drink. ¹⁹  Just allow me to go through on foot, 2:29 just as the descendants of Esau who live at Seir and the Moabites who live in Ar did for me, until I cross the Jordan to the land the Lord our God is giving us.” 2:30 But King Sihon of Heshbon was unwilling to allow us to pass near him because the Lord our ²⁰  God had made him obstinate ²¹  and stubborn ²²  so that he might deliver him over to you ²³  this very day. 2:31 The Lord said to me, “Look! I have already begun to give over Sihon and his land to you. Start right now to take his land as your possession.” 2:32 When Sihon and all his troops ²⁴  emerged to encounter us in battle at Jahaz, ²⁵  2:33 the Lord our God delivered him over to us and we struck him down, along with his sons ²⁶  and everyone else. ²⁷ 

Joshua 3:10

3:10 Joshua continued, ²⁸  “This is how you will know the living God is among you and that he will truly drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites.

Joshua 24:8-12

24:8 Then I brought you to the land of the Amorites who lived east of the Jordan. They fought with you, but I handed them over to you; you conquered ²⁹  their land and I destroyed them from before you. 24:9 Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab, launched an attack ³⁰  against Israel. He summoned ³¹  Balaam son of Beor to call down judgment ³²  on you. 24:10 I refused to respond to Balaam; he kept ³³  prophesying good things about ³⁴  you, and I rescued you from his power. ³⁵  24:11 You crossed the Jordan and came to Jericho. ³⁶  The leaders ³⁷  of Jericho, as well as the Amorites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hittites, Girgashites, Hivites, and Jebusites, fought with you, but I handed them over to you. 24:12 I sent terror ³⁸  ahead of you to drive out before you the two ³⁹  Amorite kings. I gave you the victory; it was not by your swords or bows. ⁴⁰ 

Jude 1:21-23

1:21 maintain ⁴¹  yourselves in the love of God, while anticipating ⁴²  the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that brings eternal life. ⁴³  1:22 And have mercy on those who waver; 1:23 save ⁴⁴  others by snatching them out of the fire; have mercy ⁴⁵  on others, coupled with a fear of God, ⁴⁶  hating even the clothes stained ⁴⁷  by the flesh. ⁴⁸ 

Nehemiah 9:22-24

9:22 “You gave them kingdoms and peoples, and you allocated them to every corner of the land. ⁴⁹  They inherited the land of King Sihon of Heshbon ⁵⁰  and the land of King Og of Bashan. 9:23 You multiplied their descendants like the stars of the sky. You brought them to the land you had told their ancestors to enter in order to possess. 9:24 Their descendants ⁵¹  entered and possessed the land. You subdued before them the Canaanites who were the inhabitants of the land. You delivered them into their hand, together with their kings and the peoples of the land, to deal with as they pleased.

Psalms 135:10-12

135:10 He defeated many nations,

and killed mighty kings –

135:11 Sihon, king of the Amorites,

and Og, king of Bashan,

and all the kingdoms of Canaan.

135:12 He gave their land as an inheritance,

as an inheritance to Israel his people.

Psalms 136:17-22

136:17 to the one who struck down great kings,

for his loyal love endures,

136:18 and killed powerful kings,

for his loyal love endures,

136:19 Sihon, king of the Amorites,

for his loyal love endures,

136:20 Og, king of Bashan,

for his loyal love endures,

136:21 and gave their land as an inheritance,

for his loyal love endures,

136:22 as an inheritance to Israel his servant,

for his loyal love endures,

[15:16]  ¹ sn The term generation is being used here in its widest sense to refer to a full life span. When the chronological factors are considered and the genealogies tabulated, there are four hundred years of bondage. This suggests that in this context a generation is equivalent to one hundred years.

[15:16]  ² tn Heb “they”; the referent (“your descendants”) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[15:16]  ³ tn Heb “is not yet complete.”

[3:8]  ⁴ sn God’s coming down is a frequent anthropomorphism in Genesis and Exodus. It expresses his direct involvement, often in the exercise of judgment.

[3:8]  ⁵ tn The Hiphil infinitive with the suffix is לְהַצִּילוֹ (lÿhatsilo, “to deliver them”). It expresses the purpose of God’s coming down. The verb itself is used for delivering or rescuing in the general sense, and snatching out of danger for the specific.

[3:8]  ⁶ tn Heb “to a land good and large”; NRSV “to a good and broad land.” In the translation the words “that is both” are supplied because in contemporary English “good and” combined with any additional descriptive term can be understood as elative (“good and large” = “very large”; “good and spacious” = “very spacious”; “good and ready” = “very ready”). The point made in the Hebrew text is that the land to which they are going is both good (in terms of quality) and large (in terms of size).

[3:8]  ⁷ tn This vibrant description of the promised land is a familiar one. Gesenius classifies “milk and honey” as epexegetical genitives because they provide more precise description following a verbal adjective in the construct state (GKC 418-19 §128.x). The land is modified by “flowing,” and “flowing” is explained by the genitives “milk and honey.” These two products will be in abundance in the land, and they therefore exemplify what a desirable land it is. The language is hyperbolic, as if the land were streaming with these products.

[3:8]  ⁸ tn Each people group is joined to the preceding by the vav conjunction, “and.” Each also has the definite article, as in other similar lists (3:17; 13:5; 34:11). To repeat the conjunction and article in the translation seems to put more weight on the list in English than is necessary to its function in identifying what land God was giving the Israelites.

[34:11]  ⁹ tn The covenant duties begin with this command to “keep well” what is being commanded. The Hebrew expression is “keep for you”; the preposition and the suffix form the ethical dative, adding strength to the imperative.

[34:11]  ¹⁰ tn Again, this is the futur instans use of the participle.

[21:24]  ¹¹ tn The Hebrew text has “Israel,” but the verb is plural.

[21:24]  ¹² tn Heb “with the edge of the sword.”

[2:24]  ¹³ sn Heshbon is the name of a prominent site (now Tell Hesba„n, about 7.5 mi [12 km] south southwest of Amman, Jordan). Sihon made it his capital after having driven Moab from the area and forced them south to the Arnon (Num 21:26-30). Heshbon is also mentioned in Deut 1:4.

[2:25]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “under heaven” (so NIV, NRSV).

[2:25]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “from before you.”

[2:26]  ¹⁶ sn Kedemoth. This is probably Aleiyan, about 8 mi (13 km) north of the Arnon and between Dibon and Mattanah.

[2:27]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “in the way in the way” (בַּדֶּרֶךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ, baderekh baderekh). The repetition lays great stress on the idea of resolute determination to stick to the path. IBHS 116 §7.2.3c.

[2:28]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “silver.”

[2:28]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and water for silver give to me so that I may drink.”

[2:30]  ²⁰ tc The translation follows the LXX in reading the first person pronoun. The MT, followed by many English versions, has a second person masculine singular pronoun, “your.”

[2:30]  ²¹ tn Heb “hardened his spirit” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); NIV “made his spirit stubborn.”

[2:30]  ²² tn Heb “made his heart obstinate” (so KJV, NASB); NRSV “made his heart defiant.”

[2:30]  ²³ tn Heb “into your hand.”

[2:32]  ²⁴ tn Heb “people.”

[2:32]  ²⁵ sn Jahaz. This is probably Khirbet el-Medeiyineh. See J. Dearman, “The Levitical Cities of Reuben and Moabite Toponymy,” BASOR 276 (1984): 55-57.

[2:33]  ²⁶ tc The translation follows the Qere or marginal reading; the Kethib (consonantal text) has the singular, “his son.”

[2:33]  ²⁷ tn Heb “all his people.”

[3:10]  ²⁸ tn Heb “said.”

[24:8]  ²⁹ tn Or “took possession of.”

[24:9]  ³⁰ tn Heb “arose and fought.”

[24:9]  ³¹ tn Heb “sent and called.”

[24:9]  ³² tn Or “to curse.”

[24:10]  ³³ tn The infinitive absolute follows the finite verb in the Hebrew text and indicates continuation or repetition of the action. Balaam pronounced several oracles of blessing over Israel (see Num 23-24).

[24:10]  ³⁴ tn Heb “blessing.” Balaam’s “blessings” were actually prophecies of how God would prosper Israel.

[24:10]  ³⁵ tn Heb “hand.”

[24:11]  ³⁶ map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.

[24:11]  ³⁷ tn Or perhaps, “citizens.”

[24:12]  ³⁸ tn Traditionally, “the hornet” (so KJV, NKJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV) but the precise meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain (cf. NEB “panic”).

[24:12]  ³⁹ tn The LXX has “twelve,” apparently understanding this as a reference to Amorite kings west of the Jordan (see Josh 5:1, rather than the trans-Jordanian Amorite kings Sihon and Og (see Josh 2:10; 9:10).

[24:12]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “and it drove them out from before you, the two kings of the Amorites, not by your sword and not by your bow.” The words “I gave you the victory” are supplied for clarification.

[1:21]  ⁴¹ tn Or “keep.”

[1:21]  ⁴² tn Or “waiting for.”

[1:21]  ⁴³ tn Grk “unto eternal life.”

[1:23]  ⁴⁴ tn Grk “and save.”

[1:23]  ⁴⁵ tn Grk “and have mercy.”

[1:23]  ⁴⁶ tn Grk “with fear.” But as this contrasts with ἀφόβως (afobw") in v. 12 (without reverence), the posture of the false teachers, it most likely refers to reverence for God.

[1:23]  ⁴⁷ sn The imagery here suggests that the things close to the sinners are contaminated by them, presumably during the process of sinning.

[1:23]  ⁴⁸ tn Grk “hating even the tunic spotted by the flesh.” The “flesh” in this instance could refer to the body or to the sin nature. It makes little difference in one sense: Jude is thinking primarily of sexual sins, which are borne of the sin nature and manifest themselves in inappropriate deeds done with the body. At the same time, he is not saying that the body is intrinsically bad, a view held by the opponents of Christianity. Hence, it is best to see “flesh” as referring to the sin nature here and the language as metaphorical.

[9:22]  ⁴⁹ tn The words “of the land” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for clarity.

[9:22]  ⁵⁰ tc Most Hebrew MSS read “the land of Sihon and the land of the king of Heshbon.” The present translation (along with NAB, NASB, NIV, NCV, NRSV, CEV, NLT) follows the reading of one Hebrew MS, the LXX, and the Vulgate.

[9:24]  ⁵¹ tn Heb “the sons.”