Genesis 20:3

20:3 But God appeared ¹  to Abimelech in a dream at night and said to him, “You are as good as dead ²  because of the woman you have taken, for she is someone else’s wife.” ³ 

Genesis 34:2

34:2 When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, who ruled that area, saw her, he grabbed her, forced himself on her, ⁴  and sexually assaulted her. ⁵ 

Genesis 34:7-8

34:7 Now Jacob’s sons had come in from the field when they heard the news. ⁶  They ⁷  were offended ⁸  and very angry because Shechem ⁹  had disgraced Israel ¹⁰  by sexually assaulting ¹¹  Jacob’s daughter, a crime that should not be committed. ¹² 

34:8 But Hamor made this appeal to them: “My son Shechem is in love with your daughter. ¹³  Please give her to him as his wife.

Genesis 34:31

34:31 But Simeon and Levi replied, ¹⁴  “Should he treat our sister like a common prostitute?”

Numbers 5:29

5:29 “‘This is the law for cases of jealousy, ¹⁵  when a wife, while under her husband’s authority, goes astray and defiles herself,

Ruth 4:10

4:10 I have also acquired Ruth the Moabite, the wife of Mahlon, as my wife to raise up a descendant who will inherit his property ¹⁶  so the name of the deceased might not disappear ¹⁷  from among his relatives and from his village. ¹⁸  You are witnesses today.”

Jeremiah 3:20

3:20 But, you have been unfaithful to me, nation of Israel, ¹⁹ 

like an unfaithful wife who has left her husband,” ²⁰ 

says the Lord.

Ezekiel 16:32

16:32 “‘Adulterous wife, who prefers strangers instead of her own husband!

Mark 10:12

10:12 And if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery.” ²¹ 

Romans 7:3

7:3 So then, ²²  if she is joined to another man while her husband is alive, she will be called an adulteress. But if her ²³  husband dies, she is free from that law, and if she is joined to another man, she is not an adulteress.

Romans 7:1

The Believer’s Relationship to the Law

7:1 Or do you not know, brothers and sisters ²⁴  (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law is lord over a person ²⁵  as long as he lives?

Colossians 1:10-11

1:10 so that you may live ²⁶  worthily of the Lord and please him in all respects ²⁷  – bearing fruit in every good deed, growing in the knowledge of God, 1:11 being strengthened with all power according to his glorious might for the display of ²⁸  all patience and steadfastness, joyfully

Hebrews 13:4

13:4 Marriage must be honored among all and the marriage bed kept undefiled, for God will judge sexually immoral people and adulterers.

[20:3]  ¹ tn Heb “came.”

[20:3]  ² tn Heb “Look, you [are] dead.” The Hebrew construction uses the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) with a second person pronominal particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) with by the participle. It is a highly rhetorical expression.

[20:3]  ³ tn Heb “and she is owned by an owner.” The disjunctive clause is causal or explanatory in this case.

[34:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “and he took her and lay with her.” The suffixed form following the verb appears to be the sign of the accusative instead of the preposition, but see BDB 1012 s.v. שָׁכַב.

[34:2]  ⁵ tn The verb עָנָה (’anah) in the Piel stem can have various shades of meaning, depending on the context: “to defile; to mistreat; to violate; to rape; to shame; to afflict.” Here it means that Shechem violated or humiliated Dinah by raping her.

[34:7]  ⁶ tn Heb “when they heard.” The words “the news” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[34:7]  ⁷ tn Heb “the men.” This sounds as if a new group has been introduced into the narrative, so it has been translated as “they” to indicate that it refers to Jacob’s sons, mentioned in the first part of the verse.

[34:7]  ⁸ tn The Hebrew verb עָצַב (’atsav) can carry one of three semantic nuances depending on the context: (1) “to be injured” (Ps 56:5; Eccl 10:9; 1 Chr 4:10); (2) “to experience emotional pain; to be depressed emotionally; to be worried” (2 Sam 19:2; Isa 54:6; Neh 8:10-11); (3) “to be embarrassed; to be insulted; to be offended” (to the point of anger at another or oneself; Gen 6:6; 45:5; 1 Sam 20:3, 34; 1 Kgs 1:6; Isa 63:10; Ps 78:40). This third category develops from the second by metonymy. In certain contexts emotional pain leads to embarrassment and/or anger. In this last use the subject sometimes directs his anger against the source of grief (see especially Gen 6:6). The third category fits best in Gen 34:7 because Jacob’s sons were not merely wounded emotionally. On the contrary, Shechem’s action prompted them to strike out in judgment against the source of their distress.

[34:7]  ⁹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Shechem) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[34:7]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “a disgraceful thing he did against Israel.”

[34:7]  ¹¹ tn Heb “by lying with the daughter of Jacob.” The infinitive here explains the preceding verb, indicating exactly how he had disgraced Jacob. The expression “to lie with” is a euphemism for sexual relations, or in this case, sexual assault.

[34:7]  ¹² tn Heb “and so it should not be done.” The negated imperfect has an obligatory nuance here, but there is also a generalizing tone. The narrator emphasizes that this particular type of crime (sexual assault) is especially reprehensible.

[34:8]  ¹³ tn Heb “Shechem my son, his soul is attached to your daughter.” The verb means “to love” in the sense of being emotionally attached to or drawn to someone. This is a slightly different way of saying what was reported earlier (v. 3). However, there is no mention here of the offense. Even though Hamor is speaking to Dinah’s brothers, he refers to her as their daughter (see v. 17).

[34:31]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “but they said.” The referent of “they” (Simeon and Levi) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

[5:29]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “law of jealousies.”

[4:10]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “in order to raise up the name of the deceased over his inheritance” (NASB similar).

[4:10]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “be cut off” (so NASB, NRSV); NAB “may not perish.”

[4:10]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “and from the gate of his place” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “from the court of his birth place”; NIV “from the town records.”

[3:20]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “house of Israel.”

[3:20]  ²⁰ tn Heb “a wife unfaithful from her husband.”

[10:12]  ²¹ sn It was not uncommon in Jesus’ day for a Jewish man to divorce his wife, but it was extremely rare for a wife to initiate such an action against her husband, since among many things it would have probably left her destitute and without financial support. Mark’s inclusion of the statement And if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery (v. 12) reflects more the problem of the predominantly Gentile church in Rome to which he was writing. As such it may be an interpretive and parenthetical comment by the author rather than part of the saying by Jesus, which would stop at the end of v. 11. As such it should then be placed in parentheses. Further NT passages that deal with the issue of divorce and remarriage are Matt 5:31-32; 19:1-12; Luke 16:18; 1 Cor 7.

[7:3]  ²² tn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.

[7:3]  ²³ tn Grk “the,” with the article used as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).

[7:1]  ²⁴ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.

[7:1]  ²⁵ sn Here person refers to a human being.

[1:10]  ²⁶ tn The infinitive περιπατῆσαι (peripathsai, “to walk, to live, to live one’s life”) is best taken as an infinitive of purpose related to “praying” (προσευχόμενοι, proseucomenoi) and “asking” (αἰτούμενοι, aitoumenoi) in v. 9 and is thus translated as “that you may live.”

[1:10]  ²⁷ tn BDAG 129 s.v. ἀρεσκεία states that ἀρεσκείαν (areskeian) refers to a “desire to please εἰς πᾶσαν ἀ. to please (the Lord) in all respects Col 1:10.”

[1:11]  ²⁸ tn The expression “for the display of” is an attempt to convey in English the force of the Greek preposition εἰς (eis) in this context.