Genesis 8:7

8:7 and sent out a raven; it kept flying ¹  back and forth until the waters had dried up on the earth.

Genesis 8:1

8:1 But God remembered ²  Noah and all the wild animals and domestic animals that were with him in the ark. God caused a wind to blow over ³  the earth and the waters receded.

Genesis 17:4

17:4 “As for me, ⁴  this ⁵  is my covenant with you: You will be the father of a multitude of nations.

Genesis 17:6

17:6 I will make you ⁶  extremely ⁷  fruitful. I will make nations of you, and kings will descend from you. ⁸ 

Proverbs 30:17

30:17 The eye ⁹  that mocks at a father

and despises obeying ¹⁰  a mother –

the ravens of the valley will peck it out

and the young vultures will eat it. ¹¹ 

Luke 12:24

12:24 Consider the ravens: ¹²  They do not sow or reap, they have no storeroom or barn, yet God feeds ¹³  them. How much more valuable are you than the birds!

[8:7]  ¹ tn Heb “and it went out, going out and returning.” The Hebrew verb יָצָא (yatsa’), translated here “flying,” is modified by two infinitives absolute indicating that the raven went back and forth.

[8:1]  ² tn The Hebrew word translated “remembered” often carries the sense of acting in accordance with what is remembered, i.e., fulfilling covenant promises (see B. S. Childs, Memory and Tradition in Israel [SBT], especially p. 34).

[8:1]  ³ tn Heb “to pass over.”

[17:4]  ⁴ tn Heb “I.”

[17:4]  ⁵ tn Heb “is” (הִנֵּה, hinneh).

[17:6]  ⁶ tn This verb starts a series of perfect verbal forms with vav (ו) consecutive to express God’s intentions.

[17:6]  ⁷ tn Heb “exceedingly, exceedingly.” The repetition is emphatic.

[17:6]  ⁸ tn Heb “and I will make you into nations, and kings will come out from you.”

[30:17]  ⁹ sn The “eye” as the organ that exhibits the inner feelings most clearly, here represents a look of scorn or disdain that speaks volumes (a metonymy of cause or of adjunct). It is comparable to the “evil eye” which is stinginess (28:22).

[30:17]  ¹⁰ tn The Hebrew word לִיקֲּהַת (liqqahat, “obeying”) occurs only here and in Gen 49:10; it seems to mean “to receive” in the sense of “receiving instruction” or “obeying.” C. H. Toy suggests emending to “to old age” (לְזִקְנַת, lÿziqnat) of the mother (Proverbs [ICC], 530). The LXX with γῆρας (ghra", “old age”) suggests that a root lhq had something to do with “white hair.” D. W. Thomas suggests a corruption from lhyqt to lyqht; it would have read, “The eye that mocks a father and despises an aged mother” (“A Note on לִיקֲּהַת in Proverbs 30:17,” JTS 42 [1941]: 154-55); this is followed by NAB “or scorns an aged mother.”

[30:17]  ¹¹ sn The sternest punishment is for the evil eye. The punishment is talionic – eye for eye. The reference to “the valley” may indicate a place where people are not be given decent burials and the birds of prey pick the corpses clean. It is an image the prophets use in judgment passages.

[12:24]  ¹² tn Or “crows.” Crows and ravens belong to the same family of birds. English uses “crow” as a general word for the family. Palestine has several indigenous members of the crow family.

[12:24]  ¹³ tn Or “God gives them food to eat.” L&N 23.6 has both “to provide food for” and “to give food to someone to eat.”