Genesis 42:20

42:20 But you must bring ¹  your youngest brother to me. Then ²  your words will be verified ³  and you will not die.” They did as he said. ⁴ 

Genesis 42:34

42:34 But bring your youngest brother back to me so I will know ⁵  that you are honest men and not spies. ⁶  Then I will give your brother back to you and you may move about freely in the land.’” ⁷ 

Genesis 43:3

43:3 But Judah said to him, “The man solemnly warned ⁸  us, ‘You will not see my face ⁹  unless your brother is with you.’

Genesis 44:20-34

44:20 We said to my lord, ‘We have an aged father, and there is a young boy who was born when our father was old. ¹⁰  The boy’s ¹¹  brother is dead. He is the only one of his mother’s sons left, ¹²  and his father loves him.’

44:21 “Then you told your servants, ‘Bring him down to me so I can see ¹³  him.’ ¹⁴  44:22 We said to my lord, ‘The boy cannot leave his father. If he leaves his father, his father ¹⁵  will die.’ ¹⁶  44:23 But you said to your servants, ‘If your youngest brother does not come down with you, you will not see my face again.’ 44:24 When we returned to your servant my father, we told him the words of my lord.

44:25 “Then our father said, ‘Go back and buy us a little food.’ 44:26 But we replied, ‘We cannot go down there. ¹⁷  If our youngest brother is with us, then we will go, ¹⁸  for we won’t be permitted to see the man’s face if our youngest brother is not with us.’

44:27 “Then your servant my father said to us, ‘You know that my wife gave me two sons. ¹⁹  44:28 The first disappeared ²⁰  and I said, “He has surely been torn to pieces.” I have not seen him since. 44:29 If you take ²¹  this one from me too and an accident happens to him, then you will bring down my gray hair ²²  in tragedy ²³  to the grave.’ ²⁴ 

44:30 “So now, when I return to your servant my father, and the boy is not with us – his very life is bound up in his son’s life. ²⁵  44:31 When he sees the boy is not with us, ²⁶  he will die, and your servants will bring down the gray hair of your servant our father in sorrow to the grave. 44:32 Indeed, ²⁷  your servant pledged security for the boy with my father, saying, ‘If I do not bring him back to you, then I will bear the blame before my father all my life.’

44:33 “So now, please let your servant remain as my lord’s slave instead of the boy. As for the boy, let him go back with his brothers. 44:34 For how can I go back to my father if the boy is not with me? I couldn’t bear to see ²⁸  my father’s pain.” ²⁹ 

[42:20]  ¹ tn The imperfect here has an injunctive force.

[42:20]  ² tn After the injunctive imperfect, this imperfect with vav indicates purpose or result.

[42:20]  ³ tn The Niphal form of the verb has the sense of “to be faithful; to be sure; to be reliable.” Joseph will test his brothers to see if their words are true.

[42:20]  ⁴ tn Heb “and they did so.”

[42:34]  ⁵ tn After the imperative, the cohortative with prefixed vav indicates purpose/result.

[42:34]  ⁶ tn Heb “that you are not spies, that you are honest men.”

[42:34]  ⁷ sn Joseph’s brothers soften the news considerably, making it sound like Simeon was a guest of Joseph (Leave one of your brothers with me) instead of being bound in prison. They do not mention the threat of death and do not at this time speak of the money in the one sack.

[43:3]  ⁸ tn The infinitive absolute with the finite verb stresses the point. The primary meaning of the verb is “to witness; to testify.” It alludes to Joseph’s oath, which was tantamount to a threat or warning.

[43:3]  ⁹ tn The idiom “see my face” means “have an audience with me.”

[44:20]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and a small boy of old age,” meaning that he was born when his father was elderly.

[44:20]  ¹¹ tn Heb “his”; the referent (the boy just mentioned) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[44:20]  ¹² tn Heb “he, only he, to his mother is left.”

[44:21]  ¹³ tn The cohortative after the imperative indicates purpose here.

[44:21]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “that I may set my eyes upon him.”

[44:22]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the boy’s father, i.e., Jacob) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[44:22]  ¹⁶ tn The last two verbs are perfect tenses with vav consecutive. The first is subordinated to the second as a conditional clause.

[44:26]  ¹⁷ tn The direct object is not specified in the Hebrew text, but is implied; “there” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[44:26]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “go down.”

[44:27]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “that two sons my wife bore to me.”

[44:28]  ²⁰ tn Heb “went forth from me.”

[44:29]  ²¹ tn The construction uses a perfect verbal form with the vav consecutive to introduce the conditional clause and then another perfect verbal form with a vav consecutive to complete the sentence: “if you take…then you will bring down.”

[44:29]  ²² sn The expression bring down my gray hair is figurative, using a part for the whole – they would put Jacob in the grave. But the gray head signifies a long life of worry and trouble. See Gen 42:38.

[44:29]  ²³ tn Heb “evil/calamity.” The term is different than the one used in the otherwise identical statement recorded in v. 31 (see also 42:38).

[44:29]  ²⁴ tn Heb “to Sheol,” the dwelling place of the dead.

[44:30]  ²⁵ tn Heb “his life is bound up in his life.”

[44:31]  ²⁶ tn Heb “when he sees that there is no boy.”

[44:32]  ²⁷ tn Or “for.”

[44:34]  ²⁸ tn The Hebrew text has “lest I see,” which expresses a negative purpose – “I cannot go up lest I see.”

[44:34]  ²⁹ tn Heb “the calamity which would find my father.”