Hosea 5:7

5:7 They have committed treason ¹  against the Lord,

because they bore illegitimate children.

Soon ²  the new moon festival will devour them and their fields.

Hosea 5:13

5:13 When Ephraim saw ³  his sickness

and Judah saw his wound,

then Ephraim turned ⁴  to Assyria,

and begged ⁵  its great king ⁶  for help.

But he will not be able to heal you!

He cannot cure your wound! ⁷ 

Hosea 9:3

Assyrian Exile Will Reverse the Egyptian Exodus

9:3 They will not remain in the Lord’s land.

Ephraim will return to Egypt;

they will eat ritually unclean food in Assyria.

Ezra 9:1

A Prayer of Ezra

9:1 Now when these things had been completed, the leaders approached me and said, “The people of Israel, the priests, and the Levites have not separated themselves from the local residents ⁸  who practice detestable things similar to those of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites.

Ezra 9:12

9:12 Therefore do not give your daughters in marriage to their sons, and do not take their daughters in marriage for your sons. Do not ever seek their peace or welfare, so that you may be strong and may eat the good of the land and may leave it as an inheritance for your children ⁹  forever.’

Nehemiah 13:23-25

13:23 Also in those days I saw the men of Judah who had married women from Ashdod, Ammon, and Moab. 13:24 Half of their children spoke the language of Ashdod (or the language of one of the other peoples mentioned ¹⁰ ) and were unable to speak the language of Judah. 13:25 So I entered a complaint with them. I called down a curse on them, and I struck some of the men and pulled out their hair. I had them swear by God saying, “You will not marry off ¹¹  your daughters to their sons, and you will not take any of their daughters as wives for your sons or for yourselves!

Psalms 106:35

106:35 They mixed in with the nations

and learned their ways. ¹² 

Ezekiel 23:4-11

23:4 Oholah was the name of the older and Oholibah ¹³  the name of her younger sister. They became mine, and gave birth to sons and daughters. ¹⁴  Oholah is Samaria and Oholibah is Jerusalem.

23:5 “Oholah engaged in prostitution while she was mine. ¹⁵  She lusted after her lovers, the Assyrians ¹⁶  – warriors ¹⁷  23:6 clothed in blue, governors and officials, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding on horses. 23:7 She bestowed her sexual favors on them; all of them were the choicest young men of Assyria. She defiled herself with all whom she desired ¹⁸  – with all their idols. 23:8 She did not abandon the prostitution she had practiced in Egypt; for in her youth men had sex with her, fondled her virgin breasts, and ravished her. ¹⁹  23:9 Therefore I handed her over to her lovers, the Assyrians ²⁰  for whom she lusted. 23:10 They exposed her nakedness, seized her sons and daughters, and killed her with the sword. She became notorious ²¹  among women, and they executed judgments against her.

23:11 “Her sister Oholibah watched this, ²²  but she became more corrupt in her lust than her sister had been, and her acts of prostitution were more numerous than those of her sister.

Malachi 2:11

2:11 Judah has become disloyal, and unspeakable sins have been committed in Israel and Jerusalem. ²³  For Judah has profaned ²⁴  the holy things that the Lord loves and has turned to a foreign god! ²⁵ 

[5:7]  ¹ tn Heb “dealt treacherously against” (so KJV, NASB); NRSV “dealt faithlessly”; NLT “betrayed the honor of.”

[5:7]  ² tn The particle עַתָּה (’attah) often refers to the imminent or the impending future: “very soon” (BDB 774 s.v. עַתָּה 1.b). In Hosea it normally introduces imminent judgment (Hos 2:12; 4:16; 5:7; 8:8, 13; 10:2).

[5:13]  ³ tn Hosea employs three preterites (vayyiqtol forms) in verse 13a-b to describe a past-time situation.

[5:13]  ⁴ tn Heb “went to” (so NAB, NRSV, TEV); CEV “asked help from.”

[5:13]  ⁵ tn Heb “sent to” (so KJV, NIV, NRSV).

[5:13]  ⁶ tc The MT reads מֶלֶךְ יָרֵב (melekh yarev, “a contentious king”). This is translated as a proper name (“king Jareb”) by KJV, ASV, NASB. However, the stative adjective יָרֵב (“contentious”) is somewhat awkward. The words should be redivided as an archaic genitive-construct מַלְכִּי רָב (malki rav, “great king”; cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) which preserves the old genitive hireq yod ending. This is the equivalent of the Assyrian royal epithet sarru rabbu (“the great king”). See also the tc note on the same phrase in 10:6.

[5:13]  ⁷ tn Heb “your wound will not depart from you.”

[9:1]  ⁸ tn Heb “the peoples of the lands.” So also in v. 2.

[9:12]  ⁹ tn Heb “sons”; cf. KJV, NAB, NIV, NLT “children”; NCV, TEV “descendants.”

[13:24]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “people and people.”

[13:25]  ¹¹ tn Heb “give.”

[106:35]  ¹² tn Heb “their deeds.”

[23:4]  ¹³ tn The names Oholah and Oholibah are both derived from the word meaning “tent.” The meaning of Oholah is “her tent,” while Oholibah means “my tent is in her.”

[23:4]  ¹⁴ sn In this allegory the Lord is depicted as being the husband of two wives. The OT law prohibited a man from marrying sisters (Lev 18:18), but the practice is attested in the OT (cf. Jacob). The metaphor is utilized here for illustrative purposes and does not mean that the Lord condoned such a practice or bigamy in general.

[23:5]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “while she was under me.” The expression indicates that Oholah is viewed as the Lord’s wife. See Num 5:19-20, 29.

[23:5]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “Assyria.”

[23:5]  ¹⁷ tn The term apparently refers to Assyrian military officers; it is better construed with the description that follows. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:738.

[23:7]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “lusted after.”

[23:8]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and poured out their harlotry on her.”

[23:9]  ²⁰ tn Heb “I gave her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the sons of Assyria.”

[23:10]  ²¹ tn Heb “name.”

[23:11]  ²² tn The word “this” is not in the original text.

[2:11]  ²³ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[2:11]  ²⁴ tn Or perhaps “secularized”; cf. NIV “desecrated”; TEV, NLT “defiled”; CEV “disgraced.”

[2:11]  ²⁵ tn Heb “has married the daughter of a foreign god.” Marriage is used here as a metaphor to describe Judah’s idolatry, that is, her unfaithfulness to the Lord and “remarriage” to pagan gods. But spiritual intermarriage found expression in literal, physical marriage as well, as vv. 14-16 indicate.