Isaiah 2:3-4

2:3 many peoples will come and say,

“Come, let us go up to the Lord’s mountain,

to the temple of the God of Jacob,

so ¹  he can teach us his requirements, ² 

and ³  we can follow his standards.” ⁴ 

For Zion will be the center for moral instruction; ⁵ 

the Lord will issue edicts from Jerusalem. ⁶ 

2:4 He will judge disputes between nations;

he will settle cases for many peoples.

They will beat their swords into plowshares, ⁷ 

and their spears into pruning hooks. ⁸ 

Nations will not take up the sword against other nations,

and they will no longer train for war.

Isaiah 9:7

9:7 His dominion will be vast ⁹ 

and he will bring immeasurable prosperity. ¹⁰ 

He will rule on David’s throne

and over David’s kingdom, ¹¹ 

establishing it ¹²  and strengthening it

by promoting justice and fairness, ¹³ 

from this time forward and forevermore.

The Lord’s intense devotion to his people ¹⁴  will accomplish this.

Isaiah 11:6-9

11:6 A wolf will reside ¹⁵  with a lamb,

and a leopard will lie down with a young goat;

an ox and a young lion will graze together, ¹⁶ 

as a small child leads them along.

11:7 A cow and a bear will graze together,

their young will lie down together. ¹⁷ 

A lion, like an ox, will eat straw.

11:8 A baby ¹⁸  will play

over the hole of a snake; ¹⁹ 

over the nest ²⁰  of a serpent

an infant ²¹  will put his hand. ²² 

11:9 They will no longer injure or destroy

on my entire royal mountain. ²³ 

For there will be universal submission to the Lord’s sovereignty,

just as the waters completely cover the sea. ²⁴ 

Isaiah 11:13

11:13 Ephraim’s jealousy will end, ²⁵ 

and Judah’s hostility ²⁶  will be eliminated.

Ephraim will no longer be jealous of Judah,

and Judah will no longer be hostile toward Ephraim.

Psalms 112:6-9

112:6 For he will never be upended;

others will always remember one who is just. ²⁷ 

112:7 He does not fear bad news.

He ²⁸  is confident; he trusts ²⁹  in the Lord.

112:8 His resolve ³⁰  is firm; he will not succumb to fear

before he looks in triumph on his enemies.

112:9 He generously gives ³¹  to the needy;

his integrity endures. ³² 

He will be vindicated and honored. ³³ 

Proverbs 14:26

14:26 In the fear of the Lord one has ³⁴  strong confidence, ³⁵ 

and it will be a refuge ³⁶  for his children.

Ezekiel 37:21-22

37:21 Then tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to take the Israelites from among the nations where they have gone. I will gather them from round about and bring them to their land. 37:22 I will make them one nation in the land, on the mountains of Israel, and one king will rule over them all. They will never again be two nations and never again be divided into two kingdoms. ³⁷ 

Ezekiel 37:25

37:25 They will live in the land I gave to my servant Jacob, in which your fathers lived; they will live in it – they and their children and their grandchildren forever. David my servant will be prince over them forever.

Ezekiel 39:29

39:29 I will no longer hide my face from them, when I pour out my Spirit on the house of Israel, ³⁸  declares the sovereign Lord.”

Micah 4:3-4

4:3 He will arbitrate ³⁹  between many peoples

and settle disputes between many ⁴⁰  distant nations. ⁴¹ 

They will beat their swords into plowshares, ⁴² 

and their spears into pruning hooks. ⁴³ 

Nations will not use weapons ⁴⁴  against other nations,

and they will no longer train for war.

4:4 Each will sit under his own grapevine

or under his own fig tree without any fear. ⁴⁵ 

The Lord who commands armies has decreed it. ⁴⁶ 

Micah 4:2

4:2 Many nations will come, saying,

“Come on! Let’s go up to the Lord’s mountain,

to the temple ⁴⁷  of Jacob’s God,

so he can teach us his commands ⁴⁸ 

and we can live by his laws.” ⁴⁹ 

For Zion will be the source of instruction;

the Lord’s teachings will proceed from Jerusalem. ⁵⁰ 

Colossians 1:12

1:12 giving thanks to the Father who has qualified you to share ⁵¹  in the saints’ ⁵²  inheritance in the light.

Hebrews 6:11

6:11 But we passionately want each of you to demonstrate the same eagerness for the fulfillment of your hope until the end,

Hebrews 6:2

6:2 teaching about baptisms, laying on of hands, resurrection of the dead, and eternal judgment.

Hebrews 1:10-11

1:10 And,

“You founded the earth in the beginning, Lord, ⁵³ 

and the heavens are the works of your hands.

1:11 They will perish, but you continue.

And they will all grow old like a garment,

Hebrews 1:1

Introduction: God Has Spoken Fully and Finally in His Son

1:1 After God spoke long ago ⁵⁴  in various portions ⁵⁵  and in various ways ⁵⁶  to our ancestors ⁵⁷  through the prophets,

Hebrews 3:18

3:18 And to whom did he swear they would never enter into his rest, except those who were disobedient?

Hebrews 3:1

Jesus and Moses

3:1 Therefore, holy brothers and sisters, ⁵⁸  partners in a heavenly calling, take note of Jesus, the apostle and high priest whom we confess, ⁵⁹ 

Hebrews 4:1

God’s Promised Rest

4:1 Therefore we must be wary ⁶⁰  that, while the promise of entering his rest remains open, none of you may seem to have come short of it.

[2:3]  ¹ tn The prefixed verb form with simple vav (ו) introduces a purpose/result clause after the preceding prefixed verb form (probably to be taken as a cohortative; see IBHS 650 §39.2.2a).

[2:3]  ² tn Heb “his ways.” In this context God’s “ways” are the standards of moral conduct he decrees that people should live by.

[2:3]  ³ tn The cohortative with vav (ו) after the prefixed verb form indicates the ultimate purpose/goal of their action.

[2:3]  ⁴ tn Heb “walk in his ways.”

[2:3]  ⁵ tn Heb “for out of Zion will go instruction.”

[2:3]  ⁶ tn Heb “the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.”

[2:4]  ⁷ sn Instead of referring to the large plow as a whole, the plowshare is simply the metal tip which actually breaks the earth and cuts the furrow.

[2:4]  ⁸ sn This implement was used to prune the vines, i.e., to cut off extra leaves and young shoots (H. Wildberger, Isaiah, 1:93; M. Klingbeil, NIDOTTE 1:1117-18). It was a short knife with a curved hook at the end sharpened on the inside like a sickle. Breaking weapons and fashioning agricultural implements indicates a transition from fear and stress to peace and security.

[9:7]  ⁹ tc The Hebrew text has לְםַרְבֵּה (lÿmarbeh), which is a corrupt reading. לם is dittographic; note the preceding word, שָׁלוֹם (shalom). The corrected text reads literally, “great is the dominion.”

[9:7]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and to peace there will be no end” (KJV and ASV both similar). On the political and socio-economic sense of שָׁלוֹם (shalom) in this context, see the note at v. 6 on “Prince of Peace.”

[9:7]  ¹¹ tn Heb “over the throne of David, and over his kingdom.” The referent of the pronoun “his” (i.e., David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[9:7]  ¹² tn The feminine singular pronominal suffix on this form and the following one (translated “it” both times) refers back to the grammatically feminine noun “kingdom.”

[9:7]  ¹³ tn Heb “with/by justice and fairness”; ASV “with justice and with righteousness.”

[9:7]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “the zeal of the Lord.” In this context the Lord’s “zeal” refers to his intense devotion to and love for his people which prompts him to vindicate them and to fulfill his promises to David and the nation.

[11:6]  ¹⁵ tn The verb גּוּר (gur) normally refers to living as a dependent, resident alien in another society.

[11:6]  ¹⁶ tc The Hebrew text reads, “and an ox, and a young lion, and a fatling together.” Since the preceding lines refer to two animals and include a verb, many emend וּמְרִיא (umÿri’, “and the fatling”) to an otherwise unattested verb יִמְרְאוּ (yimrÿ’u, “they will graze”); cf. NAB, TEV, CEV. One of the Qumran copies of Isaiah confirms this suggestion (1QIsa^a). The present translation assumes this change.

[11:7]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “and a cow and a bear will graze – together – they will lie down, their young.” This is a case of pivot pattern; יַחְדָּו (yakhddav, “together”) goes with both the preceding and following statements.

[11:8]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “one sucking,” i.e., still being nursed by his mother.

[11:8]  ¹⁹ tn Or perhaps, “cobra” (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NCV); KJV, ASV, NRSV “asp.”

[11:8]  ²⁰ tc The Hebrew text has the otherwise unattested מְאוּרַת (mÿ’urat, “place of light”), i.e., opening of a hole. Some prefer to emend to מְעָרַת (mÿ’arat, “cave, den”).

[11:8]  ²¹ tn Heb “one who is weaned” (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV).

[11:8]  ²² sn The transformation of the animal kingdom depicted here typifies what will occur in human society under the just rule of the ideal king (see vv. 3-5). The categories “predator-prey” (i.e., oppressor-oppressed) will no longer exist.

[11:9]  ²³ tn Heb “in all my holy mountain.” In the most basic sense the Lord’s “holy mountain” is the mountain from which he rules over his kingdom (see Ezek 28:14, 16). More specifically it probably refers to Mount Zion/Jerusalem or to the entire land of Israel (see Pss 2:6; 15:1; 43:3; Isa 56:7; 57:13; Ezek 20:40; Ob 16; Zeph 3:11). If the Lord’s universal kingdom is in view in this context (see the note on “earth” at v. 4), then the phrase would probably be metonymic here, standing for God’s worldwide dominion (see the next line).

[11:9]  ²⁴ tn Heb “for the earth will be full of knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea.” The translation assumes that a universal kingdom is depicted here, but אֶרֶץ (’erets) could be translated “land” (see the note at v. 4). “Knowledge of the Lord” refers here to a recognition of the Lord’s sovereignty which results in a willingness to submit to his authority. See the note at v. 2.

[11:13]  ²⁵ tn Heb “turn aside”; KJV, NASB, NRSV “depart.”

[11:13]  ²⁶ tn Heb “hostile ones of Judah.” Elsewhere when the substantival participle of צָרָר (tsarar) takes a pronominal suffix or appears in a construct relationship, the following genitive is objective. (For a list of texts see BDB 865 s.v. III צָרַר) In this case the phrase “hostile ones of Judah” means “those who are hostile toward Judah,” i.e., Judah’s enemies. However, the parallel couplet that follows suggests that Judah’s hostility toward Ephraim is in view. In this case “hostile ones of Judah” means “hostile ones from Judah.” The translation above assumes the latter, giving the immediate context priority over general usage.

[112:6]  ²⁷ tn Heb “for an eternal memorial a just [one] will be.”

[112:7]  ²⁸ tn Heb “his heart,” viewed here as the seat of the volition and emotions (see Ps 108:1).

[112:7]  ²⁹ tn The passive participle בָּטֻחַ [בָּטוּחַ] (batuakh [batuakh]) expresses a state that results from the subject’s action. See Isa 26:3.

[112:8]  ³⁰ tn Heb “his heart,” viewed here as the seat of the volition.

[112:9]  ³¹ tn Heb “he scatters, he gives.”

[112:9]  ³² tn Heb “stands forever.”

[112:9]  ³³ tn Heb “his horn will be lifted up in honor.” The horn of an ox underlies the metaphor (see Deut 33:17; 1 Kgs 22:11; Ps 92:10). The horn of the wild ox is frequently a metaphor for military strength; the idiom “exalt/lift up the horn” signifies military victory (see 1 Sam 2:10; Pss 89:17, 24; 92:10; Lam 2:17).

[14:26]  ³⁴ tn Heb “In the fear of the Lord [is] confidence of strength.” The phrase “one has” does not appear in the Hebrew but is supplied in the translation for the sake of smoothness.

[14:26]  ³⁵ tn Heb “confidence of strength.” This construct phrase features an attributive genitive: “strong confidence” (so most English versions; NIV “a secure fortress”).

[14:26]  ³⁶ sn The fear of the Lord will not only provide security for the parent but will also be a refuge for children. The line recalls Exod 20:5-6 where children will reap the benefits of the righteous parents. The line could also be read as “he [= God] will be a refuge for the children.”

[37:22]  ³⁷ sn Jeremiah also attested to the reuniting of the northern and southern kingdoms (Jer 3:12, 14; 31:2-6).

[39:29]  ³⁸ sn See Ezek 11:19; 37:14.

[4:3]  ³⁹ tn Or “judge.”

[4:3]  ⁴⁰ tn Or “mighty” (NASB); KJV, NAB, NIV, NRSV “strong”; TEV “among the great powers.”

[4:3]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “[for many nations] to a distance.”

[4:3]  ⁴² sn Instead of referring to the large plow as a whole, the plowshare is simply the metal tip which actually breaks the earth and cuts the furrow.

[4:3]  ⁴³ sn This implement was used to prune the vines, i.e., to cut off extra leaves and young shoots (M. Klingbeil, NIDOTTE 1:1117-18). It was a short knife with a curved hook at the end sharpened on the inside like a sickle.

[4:3]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “take up the sword.”

[4:4]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “and there will be no one making [him] afraid.”

[4:4]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “for the mouth of the Lord of Hosts has spoken.”

[4:2]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “house.”

[4:2]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “ways.”

[4:2]  ⁴⁹ tn Heb “and we can walk in his paths.”

[4:2]  ⁵⁰ tn Heb “instruction [or, “law”] will go out from Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.”

[1:12]  ⁵¹ tn BDAG 473 s.v. ἱκανόω states, “τινὰ εἴς τι someone for someth. Col 1:12.” The point of the text is that God has qualified the saints for a “share” or “portion” in the inheritance of the saints.

[1:12]  ⁵² tn Grk “the inheritance of the saints.” The genitive noun τῶν ἁγίων (twn Jagiwn) is a possessive genitive: “the saints’ inheritance.”

[1:10]  ⁵³ sn You founded the earth…your years will never run out. In its original setting Ps 102:25-27 refers to the work of God in creation, but here in Hebrews 1:10-12 the writer employs it in reference to Christ, the Lord, making a strong argument for the essential deity of the Son.

[1:1]  ⁵⁴ tn Or “spoke formerly.”

[1:1]  ⁵⁵ tn Or “parts.” The idea is that God’s previous revelation came in many parts and was therefore fragmentary or partial (L&N 63.19), in comparison with the final and complete revelation contained in God’s Son. However, some interpret πολυμερῶς (polumerw") in Heb 1:1 to mean “on many different occasions” and would thus translate “many times” (L&N 67.11). This is the option followed by the NIV: “at many times and in various ways.” Finally, this word is also understood to refer to the different manners in which something may be done, and would then be translated “in many different ways” (L&N 89.81). In this last case, the two words πολυμερῶς and πολυτρόπως (polutropw") mutually reinforce one another (“in many and various ways,” NRSV).

[1:1]  ⁵⁶ tn These two phrases are emphasized in Greek by being placed at the beginning of the sentence and by alliteration.

[1:1]  ⁵⁷ tn Grk “to the fathers.”

[3:1]  ⁵⁸ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 2:11.

[3:1]  ⁵⁹ tn Grk “of our confession.”

[4:1]  ⁶⁰ tn Grk “let us fear.”