Isaiah 28:19

28:19 Whenever it sweeps by, it will overtake you;

indeed, ¹  every morning it will sweep by,

it will come through during the day and the night.” ² 

When this announcement is understood,

it will cause nothing but terror.

Deuteronomy 29:21-24

29:21 The Lord will single him out ³  for judgment ⁴  from all the tribes of Israel according to all the curses of the covenant written in this scroll of the law. 29:22 The generation to come – your descendants who will rise up after you, as well as the foreigner who will come from distant places – will see ⁵  the afflictions of that land and the illnesses that the Lord has brought on it. 29:23 The whole land will be covered with brimstone, salt, and burning debris; it will not be planted nor will it sprout or produce grass. It will resemble the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim, which the Lord destroyed in his intense anger. ⁶  29:24 Then all the nations will ask, “Why has the Lord done all this to this land? What is this fierce, heated display of anger ⁷  all about?”

Jeremiah 30:14

30:14 All your allies have abandoned you. ⁸ 

They no longer have any concern for you.

For I have attacked you like an enemy would.

I have chastened you cruelly.

For your wickedness is so great

and your sin is so much. ⁹ 

Lamentations 2:15

ס (Samek)

2:15 All who passed by on the road

clapped their hands to mock you. ¹⁰ 

They sneered and shook their heads

at Daughter Jerusalem.

“Ha! Is this the city they called ¹¹ 

‘The perfection of beauty, ¹² 

the source of joy of the whole earth!’?” ¹³ 

Lamentations 3:33

3:33 For he is not predisposed to afflict ¹⁴ 

or to grieve people. ¹⁵ 

Ezekiel 33:21

The Fall of Jerusalem

33:21 In the twelfth year of our exile, in the tenth month, on the fifth of the month, ¹⁶  a refugee came to me from Jerusalem ¹⁷  saying, “The city has been defeated!” ¹⁸ 

Luke 19:41-44

Jesus Weeps for Jerusalem under Judgment

19:41 Now ¹⁹  when Jesus ²⁰  approached ²¹  and saw the city, he wept over it, 19:42 saying, “If you had only known on this day, ²²  even you, the things that make for peace! ²³  But now they are hidden ²⁴  from your eyes. 19:43 For the days will come upon you when your enemies will build ²⁵  an embankment ²⁶  against you and surround you and close in on you from every side. 19:44 They will demolish you ²⁷  – you and your children within your walls ²⁸  – and they will not leave within you one stone ²⁹  on top of another, ³⁰  because you did not recognize the time of your visitation from God.” ³¹ 

[28:19]  ¹ tn Or “for” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV).

[28:19]  ² tn The words “it will come through” are supplied in the translation. The verb “will sweep by” does double duty in the parallel structure.

[29:21]  ³ tn Heb “set him apart.”

[29:21]  ⁴ tn Heb “for evil”; NAB “for doom”; NASB “for adversity”; NIV “for disaster”; NRSV “for calamity.”

[29:22]  ⁵ tn Heb “will say and see.” One expects a quotation to appear, but it seems to be omitted. To avoid confusion in the translation, the verb “will say” is omitted.

[29:23]  ⁶ tn Heb “the anger and the wrath.” This construction is a hendiadys intended to intensify the emotion.

[29:24]  ⁷ tn Heb “this great burning of anger”; KJV “the heat of this great anger.”

[30:14]  ⁸ tn Heb “forgotten you.”

[30:14]  ⁹ tn Heb “attacked you like…with the chastening of a cruel one because of the greatness of your iniquity [and because] your sins are many.” The sentence has been broken down to conform to contemporary English style and better poetic scansion.

[2:15]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “clap their hands at you.” Clapping hands at someone was an expression of malicious glee, derision and mockery (Num 24:10; Job 27:23; Lam 2:15).

[2:15]  ¹¹ tn Heb “of which they said.”

[2:15]  ¹² tn Heb “perfection of beauty.” The noun יֹפִי (yofi, “beauty”) functions as a genitive of respect in relation to the preceding construct noun: Jerusalem was perfect in respect to its physical beauty.

[2:15]  ¹³ tn Heb “the joy of all the earth.” This is similar to statements found in Pss 48:2 and 50:2.

[3:33]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “he does not afflict from his heart.” The term לֵבָב (levav, “heart”) preceded by the preposition מִן (min) most often describes one’s initiative or motivation, e.g. “of one’s own accord” (Num. 16:28; 24:13; Deut. 4:9; 1Kings 12:33; Neh. 6:8; Job 8:10; Is. 59:13; Ezek. 13:2, 17). It is not God’s internal motivation to bring calamity and trouble upon people.

[3:33]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “sons of men.”

[33:21]  ¹⁶ tn January 19, 585 b.c.

[33:21]  ¹⁷ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[33:21]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “smitten.”

[19:41]  ¹⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.

[19:41]  ²⁰ tn Grk “he.”

[19:41]  ²¹ sn When Jesus approached and saw the city. This is the last travel note in Luke’s account (the so-called Jerusalem journey), as Jesus approached and saw the city before entering it.

[19:42]  ²² sn On this day. They had missed the time of Messiah’s coming; see v. 44.

[19:42]  ²³ tn Grk “the things toward peace.” This expression seems to mean “the things that would ‘lead to,’ ‘bring about,’ or ‘make for’ peace.”

[19:42]  ²⁴ sn But now they are hidden from your eyes. This becomes an oracle of doom in the classic OT sense; see Luke 13:31-35; 11:49-51; Jer 9:2; 13:7; 14:7. They are now blind and under judgment (Jer 15:5; Ps 122:6).

[19:43]  ²⁵ sn Jesus now predicted the events that would be fulfilled in the fall of Jerusalem in a.d. 70. The details of the siege have led some to see Luke writing this after Jerusalem’s fall, but the language of the verse is like God’s exilic judgment for covenant unfaithfulness (Hab 2:8; Jer 6:6, 14; 8:13-22; 9:1; Ezek 4:2; 26:8; Isa 29:1-4). Specific details are lacking and the procedures described (build an embankment against you) were standard Roman military tactics.

[19:43]  ²⁶ sn An embankment refers to either wooden barricades or earthworks, or a combination of the two.

[19:44]  ²⁷ tn Grk “They will raze you to the ground.”

[19:44]  ²⁸ tn Grk “your children within you.” The phrase “[your] walls” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that the city of Jerusalem, metaphorically pictured as an individual, is spoken of here.

[19:44]  ²⁹ sn (Not) one stone on top of another is an idiom for total destruction.

[19:44]  ³⁰ tn Grk “leave stone on stone.”

[19:44]  ³¹ tn Grk “the time of your visitation.” To clarify what this refers to, the words “from God” are supplied at the end of the verse, although they do not occur in the Greek text.