Discovery BoxIsaiah 3:14-26
Context3:14 The Lord comes to pronounce judgment
on the leaders of his people and their officials.
He says, 1 “It is you 2 who have ruined 3 the vineyard! 4
You have stashed in your houses what you have stolen from the poor. 5
3:15 Why do you crush my people
and grind the faces of the poor?” 6
The sovereign Lord who commands armies 7 has spoken.
3:16 The Lord says,
“The women 8 of Zion are proud.
They walk with their heads high 9
and flirt with their eyes.
They skip along 10
and the jewelry on their ankles jingles. 11
3:17 So 12 the sovereign master 13 will afflict the foreheads of Zion’s women 14 with skin diseases, 15
the Lord will make the front of their heads bald.” 16
3:18 17 At that time 18 the sovereign master will remove their beautiful ankle jewelry, 19 neck ornaments, crescent shaped ornaments, 3:19 earrings, bracelets, veils, 3:20 headdresses, ankle ornaments, sashes, sachets, 20 amulets, 3:21 rings, nose rings, 3:22 festive dresses, robes, shawls, purses, 3:23 garments, vests, head coverings, and gowns. 21
3:24 A putrid stench will replace the smell of spices, 22
a rope will replace a belt,
baldness will replace braided locks of hair,
a sackcloth garment will replace a fine robe,
and a prisoner’s brand will replace beauty.
3:25 Your 23 men will fall by the sword,
your strong men will die in battle. 24
3:26 Her gates will mourn and lament;
deprived of her people, she will sit on the ground. 25
[3:14] 1 tn The words “he says” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[3:14] 2 tn The pronominal element is masculine plural; the leaders are addressed.
[3:14] 3 tn The verb בָּעַר (ba’ar, “graze, ruin”; HALOT 146 s.v. II בער) is a homonym of the more common בָּעַר (ba’ar, “burn”; see HALOT 145 s.v. I בער).
[3:14] 4 sn The vineyard is a metaphor for the nation here. See 5:1-7.
[3:14] 5 tn Heb “the plunder of the poor [is] in your houses” (so NASB).
[3:15] 6 sn The rhetorical question expresses the Lord’s outrage at what the leaders have done to the poor. He finds it almost unbelievable that they would have the audacity to treat his people in this manner.
[3:15] 7 tn Heb “the master, the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts].” On the title “the Lord who commands armies,” see the note at 1:9.
[3:16] 8 tn Heb “daughters” (so KJV, NAB, NRSV).
[3:16] 9 tn Heb “with an outstretched neck.” They proudly hold their heads high so that others can see the jewelry around their necks.
[3:16] 10 tn Heb “walking and skipping, they walk.”
[3:16] 11 tn Heb “and with their feet they jingle.”
[3:17] 12 tn In the Hebrew text vv. 16-17 and one long sentence, “Because the daughters of Zion are proud and walk…, the sovereign master will afflict….” In v. 17 the Lord refers to himself in the third person.
[3:17] 13 tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in v. 18 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).
[3:17] 14 tn Heb “the daughters of Zion.”
[3:17] 15 tn Or “a scab” (KJV, ASV); NIV, NCV, CEV “sores.”
[3:17] 16 tn The precise meaning of this line is unclear because of the presence of the rare word פֹּת (pot). Since the verb in the line means “lay bare, make naked,” some take פֹּת as a reference to the genitals (cf. KJV, ASV, NRSV, CEV). (In 1 Kgs 7:50 a noun פֹּת appears, with the apparent meaning “socket.”) J. N. Oswalt (Isaiah [NICOT], 1:139, n. 2), basing his argument on alleged Akkadian evidence and the parallelism of the verse, takes פֹּת as “forehead.”
[3:18] 17 sn The translation assumes that the direct quotation ends with v. 17. The introductory formula “in that day” and the shift from a poetic to prosaic style indicate that a new speech unit begins in v. 18.
[3:18] 18 tn Or “in that day” (KJV).
[3:18] 19 tn Or “the beauty of [their] ankle jewelry.”
[3:20] 20 tn Heb “houses of breath.” HALOT 124 s.v. בַּיִת defines them as “scent-bottles”; cf. NAB, NRSV “perfume boxes.”
[3:23] 21 tn The precise meaning of many of the words in this list is uncertain.
[3:24] 22 tn Heb “and it will be in place of spices there will be a stench.” The nouns for “spices” and “stench” are right next to each other in the MT for emphatic contrast. The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.
[3:25] 23 tn The pronoun is feminine singular, suggesting personified Zion, as representative of its women, is the addressee. The reference to “her gates’ in v. 26 makes this identification almost certain.
[3:25] 24 tn Heb “your strength in battle.” The verb in the first clause provides the verbal idea for the second clause.
[3:26] 25 tn Heb “she will be empty, on the ground she will sit.” Jerusalem is personified as a destitute woman who sits mourning the empty city.
