Isaiah 43:21

43:21 the people whom I formed for myself,

so they might praise me.” ¹ 

Isaiah 55:11-13

55:11 In the same way, the promise that I make

does not return to me, having accomplished nothing. ² 

No, it is realized as I desire

and is fulfilled as I intend.” ³ 

55:12 Indeed you will go out with joy;

you will be led along in peace;

the mountains and hills will give a joyful shout before you,

and all the trees in the field will clap their hands.

55:13 Evergreens will grow in place of thorn bushes,

firs will grow in place of nettles;

they will be a monument to the Lord, ⁴ 

a permanent reminder that will remain. ⁵ 

Romans 1:5

1:5 Through him ⁶  we have received grace and our apostleship ⁷  to bring about the obedience ⁸  of faith ⁹  among all the Gentiles on behalf of his name.

Romans 11:36

11:36 For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be glory forever! Amen.

Romans 11:1

Israel’s Rejection not Complete nor Final

11:1 So I ask, God has not rejected his people, has he? Absolutely not! For I too am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin.

Romans 2:9-10

2:9 There will be ¹⁰  affliction and distress on everyone ¹¹  who does evil, on the Jew first and also the Greek, ¹²  2:10 but ¹³  glory and honor and peace for everyone who does good, for the Jew first and also the Greek.

[43:21]  ¹ tn Heb “[so] they might declare my praise.”

[55:11]  ² tn Heb “so is the word which goes out from my mouth, it does not return to empty.” “Word” refers here to divine promises, like the ones made just prior to and after this (see vv. 7b, 12-13).

[55:11]  ³ tn Heb “but it accomplishes what I desire, and succeeds [on the mission] which I send it.”

[55:13]  ⁴ tn Heb “to the Lord for a name.” For שֵׁם (shem) used in the sense of “monument,” see also 56:5, where it stands parallel to יָד (yad).

[55:13]  ⁵ tn Or, more literally, “a permanent sign that will not be cut off.”

[1:5]  ⁶ tn Grk “through whom.”

[1:5]  ⁷ tn Some interpreters understand the phrase “grace and apostleship” as a hendiadys, translating “grace [i.e., gift] of apostleship.” The pronoun “our” is supplied in the translation to clarify the sense of the statement.

[1:5]  ⁸ tn Grk “and apostleship for obedience.”

[1:5]  ⁹ tn The phrase ὑπακοὴν πίστεως has been variously understood as (1) an objective genitive (a reference to the Christian faith, “obedience to [the] faith”); (2) a subjective genitive (“the obedience faith produces [or requires]”); (3) an attributive genitive (“believing obedience”); or (4) as a genitive of apposition (“obedience, [namely] faith”) in which “faith” further defines “obedience.” These options are discussed by C. E. B. Cranfield, Romans (ICC), 1:66. Others take the phrase as deliberately ambiguous; see D. B. Garlington, “The Obedience of Faith in the Letter to the Romans: Part I: The Meaning of ὑπακοὴ πίστεως (Rom 1:5; 16:26),” WTJ 52 (1990): 201-24.

[2:9]  ¹⁰ tn No verb is expressed in this verse, but the verb “to be” is implied by the Greek construction. Literally “suffering and distress on everyone…”

[2:9]  ¹¹ tn Grk “every soul of man.”

[2:9]  ¹² sn Paul uses the term Greek here and in v. 10 to refer to non-Jews, i.e., Gentiles.

[2:10]  ¹³ tn Grk “but even,” to emphasize the contrast. The second word has been omitted since it is somewhat redundant in English idiom.