Isaiah 51:13

51:13 Why do you forget ¹  the Lord, who made you,

who stretched out the sky ² 

and founded the earth?

Why do you constantly tremble all day long ³ 

at the anger of the oppressor,

when he makes plans to destroy?

Where is the anger of the oppressor? ⁴ 

Matthew 22:39

22:39 The second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ ⁵ 

John 6:44-45

6:44 No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him, ⁶  and I will raise him up at the last day. 6:45 It is written in the prophets, ‘And they will all be taught by God.’ ⁷  Everyone who hears and learns from the Father ⁸  comes to me.

John 13:34

13:34 “I give you a new commandment – to love ⁹  one another. Just as I have loved you, you also are to love one another. ¹⁰ 

John 14:26

14:26 But the Advocate, ¹¹  the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you ¹²  everything, ¹³  and will cause you to remember everything ¹⁴  I said to you.

John 15:12

15:12 My commandment is this – to love one another just as I have loved you. ¹⁵ 

John 15:17

15:17 This ¹⁶  I command you – to love one another.

Ephesians 5:2

5:2 and live ¹⁷  in love, just as Christ also loved us ¹⁸  and gave himself for us, a sacrificial and fragrant offering ¹⁹  to God.

Hebrews 10:16

10:16 “This is the covenant that I will establish with them after those days, says the Lord. I will put ²⁰  my laws on their hearts and I will inscribe them on their minds,” ²¹ 

Hebrews 10:1

Concluding Exposition: Old and New Sacrifices Contrasted

10:1 For the law possesses a shadow of the good things to come but not the reality itself, and is therefore completely unable, by the same sacrifices offered continually, year after year, to perfect those who come to worship. ²² 

Hebrews 4:8

4:8 For if Joshua had given them rest, God ²³  would not have spoken afterward about another day.

Hebrews 4:1

God’s Promised Rest

4:1 Therefore we must be wary ²⁴  that, while the promise of entering his rest remains open, none of you may seem to have come short of it.

Hebrews 3:11

3:11 “As I swore in my anger, ‘They will never enter my rest!’” ²⁵ 

Hebrews 3:1

Jesus and Moses

3:1 Therefore, holy brothers and sisters, ²⁶  partners in a heavenly calling, take note of Jesus, the apostle and high priest whom we confess, ²⁷ 

Hebrews 4:1

God’s Promised Rest

4:1 Therefore we must be wary ²⁸  that, while the promise of entering his rest remains open, none of you may seem to have come short of it.

Hebrews 5:1

5:1 For every high priest is taken from among the people ²⁹  and appointed ³⁰  to represent them before God, ³¹  to offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins.

[51:13]  ¹ tn Heb “and that you forget.”

[51:13]  ² tn Or “the heavens” (also in v. 16). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[51:13]  ³ tn Heb “and that you tremble constantly all the day.”

[51:13]  ⁴ tn The question anticipates the answer, “Ready to disappear!” See v. 14.

[22:39]  ⁵ sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.

[6:44]  ⁶ tn Or “attracts him,” or “pulls him.” The word is used of pulling or dragging, often by force. It is even used once of magnetic attraction (A. Oepke, TDNT 2:503).

[6:45]  ⁷ sn A quotation from Isa 54:13.

[6:45]  ⁸ tn Or “listens to the Father and learns.”

[13:34]  ⁹ tn The ἵνα (Jina) clause gives the content of the commandment. This is indicated by a dash in the translation.

[13:34]  ¹⁰ sn The idea that love is a commandment is interesting. In the OT the ten commandments have a setting in the covenant between God and Israel at Sinai; they were the stipulations that Israel had to observe if the nation were to be God’s chosen people. In speaking of love as the new commandment for those whom Jesus had chosen as his own (John 13:1, 15:16) and as a mark by which they could be distinguished from others (13:35), John shows that he is thinking of this scene in covenant terminology. But note that the disciples are to love “Just as I have loved you” (13:34). The love Jesus has for his followers cannot be duplicated by them in one sense, because it effects their salvation, since he lays down his life for them: It is an act of love that gives life to people. But in another sense, they can follow his example (recall to the end, 13:1; also 1 John 3:16, 4:16 and the interpretation of Jesus’ washing of the disciples’ feet). In this way Jesus’ disciples are to love one another: They are to follow his example of sacrificial service to one another, to death if necessary.

[14:26]  ¹¹ tn Or “Helper” or “Counselor”; Grk “Paraclete,” from the Greek word παράκλητος (paraklhto"). See the note on the word “Advocate” in v. 16 for a discussion of how this word is translated.

[14:26]  ¹² tn Grk “that one will teach you.” The words “that one” have been omitted from the translation since they are redundant in English.

[14:26]  ¹³ tn Grk “all things.”

[14:26]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “all things.”

[15:12]  ¹⁵ sn Now the reference to the commandments (plural) in 15:10 have been reduced to a singular commandment: The disciples are to love one another, just as Jesus has loved them. This is the ‘new commandment’ of John 13:34, and it is repeated in 15:17. The disciples’ love for one another is compared to Jesus’ love for them. How has Jesus shown his love for the disciples? This was illustrated in 13:1-20 in the washing of the disciples’ feet, introduced by the statement in 13:1 that Jesus loved them “to the end.” In context this constitutes a reference to Jesus’ self-sacrificial death on the cross on their behalf; the love they are to have for one another is so great that it must include a self-sacrificial willingness to die for one another if necessary. This is exactly what Jesus is discussing here, because he introduces the theme of his sacrificial death in the following verse. In John 10:18 and 14:31 Jesus spoke of his death on the cross as a commandment he had received from his Father, which also links the idea of commandment and love as they are linked here. One final note: It is not just the degree or intensity of the disciples’ love for one another that Jesus is referring to when he introduces by comparison his own death on the cross (that they must love one another enough to die for one another) but the very means of expressing that love: It is to express itself in self-sacrifice for one another, sacrifice up to the point of death, which is what Jesus himself did on the cross (cf. 1 John 3:16).

[15:17]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “These things.”

[5:2]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “walk.” The NT writers often used the verb “walk” (περιπατέω, peripatew) to refer to ethical conduct (cf. Rom 8:4; Gal 5:16; Col 4:5).

[5:2]  ¹⁸ tc A number of important witnesses have ὑμᾶς (Jumas, “you”; e.g., א* A B P 0159 81 1175 al it co as well as several fathers). Other, equally important witnesses read ἡμᾶς (Jhmas, “us”; Ì⁴⁶ א² D F G Ψ 0278 33 1739 1881 al lat sy). It is possible that ἡμᾶς was accidentally introduced via homoioarcton with the previous word (ἠγάπησεν, hgaphsen). On the other hand, ὑμᾶς may have been motivated by the preceding ὑμῖν (Jumin) in 4:32 and second person verbs in 5:1, 2. Further, the flow of argument seems to require the first person pronoun. A decision is difficult to make, but the first person pronoun has a slightly greater probability of being original.

[5:2]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “an offering and sacrifice to God as a smell of fragrance.” The first expression, προσφορὰν καὶ θυσίαν (prosforan kai qusian), is probably a hendiadys and has been translated such that “sacrificial” modifies “offering.” The second expression, εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας (ei" osmhn euwdia", “as a smell of fragrance”) has been translated as “a fragrant offering”; see BDAG 728-29 s.v. ὀσμή 2. Putting these two together in a clear fashion in English yields the translation: “a sacrificial and fragrant offering to God.”

[10:16]  ²⁰ tn Grk “putting…I will inscribe.”

[10:16]  ²¹ sn A quotation from Jer 31:33.

[10:1]  ²² tn Grk “those who approach.”

[4:8]  ²³ tn Grk “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[4:1]  ²⁴ tn Grk “let us fear.”

[3:11]  ²⁵ tn Grk “if they shall enter my rest,” a Hebrew idiom expressing an oath that something will certainly not happen.

[3:1]  ²⁶ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 2:11.

[3:1]  ²⁷ tn Grk “of our confession.”

[4:1]  ²⁸ tn Grk “let us fear.”

[5:1]  ²⁹ tn Grk “from among men,” but since the point in context is shared humanity (rather than shared maleness), the plural Greek term ἀνθρώπων (anqrwpwn) has been translated “people.”

[5:1]  ³⁰ tn Grk “who is taken from among people is appointed.”

[5:1]  ³¹ tn Grk “appointed on behalf of people in reference to things relating to God.”