Isaiah 52:1-2

52:1 Wake up! Wake up!

Clothe yourself with strength, O Zion!

Put on your beautiful clothes,

O Jerusalem, ¹  holy city!

For uncircumcised and unclean pagans

will no longer invade you.

52:2 Shake off the dirt! ² 

Get up, captive ³  Jerusalem!

Take off the iron chains around your neck,

O captive daughter Zion!

Matthew 5:16

5:16 In the same way, let your light shine before people, so that they can see your good deeds and give honor to your Father in heaven.

Ephesians 5:8

5:8 for you were at one time darkness, but now you are ⁴  light in the Lord. Walk as children of the light –

Ephesians 5:14

5:14 For everything made evident is light, and for this reason it says: ⁵ 

“Awake, ⁶  O sleeper! ⁷ 

Rise from the dead,

and Christ will shine on you!” ⁸ 

Philippians 2:15

2:15 so that you may be blameless and pure, children of God without blemish though you live in a crooked and perverse society, in which you shine as lights in the world ⁹ 

[52:1]  ¹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[52:2]  ² tn Heb “Shake yourself free from the dirt.”

[52:2]  ³ tc The Hebrew text has שְּׂבִי (shÿvi), which some understand as a feminine singular imperative from יָשַׁב (yashav, “sit”). The LXX, Vulgate, Syriac, and the Targum support the MT reading (the Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a does indirectly). Some interpret this to mean “take your throne”: The Lord exhorts Jerusalem to get up from the dirt and sit, probably with the idea of sitting in a place of honor (J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah [NICOT], 2:361). However, the form is likely a corruption of שְׁבִיָּה (shÿviyyah, “captive”), which appears in the parallel line.

[5:8]  ⁴ tn The verb “you are” is implied in the Greek text, but is supplied in the English translation to make it clear.

[5:14]  ⁵ sn The following passage has been typeset as poetry because many scholars regard this passage as poetic or hymnic. These terms are used broadly to refer to the genre of writing, not to the content. There are two broad criteria for determining if a passage is poetic or hymnic: “(a) stylistic: a certain rhythmical lilt when the passages are read aloud, the presence of parallelismus membrorum (i.e., an arrangement into couplets), the semblance of some metre, and the presence of rhetorical devices such as alliteration, chiasmus, and antithesis; and (b) linguistic: an unusual vocabulary, particularly the presence of theological terms, which is different from the surrounding context” (P. T. O’Brien, Philippians [NIGTC], 188-89). Classifying a passage as hymnic or poetic is important because understanding this genre can provide keys to interpretation. However, not all scholars agree that the above criteria are present in this passage, so the decision to typeset it as poetry should be viewed as a tentative decision about its genre.

[5:14]  ⁶ tn Grk “Rise up.”

[5:14]  ⁷ tn The articular nominative participle ὁ καθεύδων (Jo kaqeudwn) is probably functioning as a nominative for vocative. Thus, it has been translated as “O sleeper.”

[5:14]  ⁸ sn A composite quotation, possibly from Isa 26:19, 51:17, 52:1, and 60:1.

[2:15]  ⁹ tn Or “as stars in the universe.”