Isaiah 55:4

55:4 Look, I made him a witness to nations, ¹ 

a ruler and commander of nations.”

Daniel 10:13

10:13 However, the prince of the kingdom of Persia was opposing me for twenty-one days. But ²  Michael, one of the leading princes, came to help me, because I was left there ³  with the kings of Persia.

Daniel 10:21

10:21 However, I will first tell you what is written in a dependable book. ⁴  (There is no one who strengthens me against these princes, ⁵  except Michael your ⁶  prince.

Daniel 12:1

12:1 “At that time Michael,

the great prince who watches over your people, ⁷ 

will arise. ⁸ 

There will be a time of distress

unlike any other from the nation’s beginning ⁹ 

up to that time.

But at that time your own people,

all those whose names are ¹⁰  found written in the book,

will escape.

Hebrews 2:10

2:10 For it was fitting for him, for whom and through whom all things exist, ¹¹  in bringing many sons to glory, to make the pioneer ¹²  of their salvation perfect through sufferings.

Jude 1:9

1:9 But even ¹³  when Michael the archangel ¹⁴  was arguing with the devil and debating with him ¹⁵  concerning Moses’ body, he did not dare to bring a slanderous judgment, but said, “May the Lord rebuke you!”

[55:4]  ¹ sn Ideally the Davidic king was to testify to the nations of God’s greatness (cf. Pss 18:50 HT [18:49 ET]; 22:28 HT [22:27 ET]). See J. H. Eaton, Kingship in the Psalms (SBT), 182-84.

[10:13]  ² tn Heb “and behold.”

[10:13]  ³ tc The Greek version of Theodotion reads “I left him [i.e., Michael] there,” and this is followed by a number of English translations (cf. NAB, NRSV, NLT).

[10:21]  ⁴ tn Heb “a book of truth.” Several English versions treat this as a title of some sort (cf. NIV, NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT), although the NAB’s rendering “the truthful book” regards “truth” as an attributive adjective, as does the present translation.

[10:21]  ⁵ tn The word “princes” is supplied for clarity.

[10:21]  ⁶ tn The pronoun is plural in Hebrew, suggesting that Michael is the angelic prince of Daniel and his people.

[12:1]  ⁷ tn Heb “stands over the sons of your people.”

[12:1]  ⁸ tn Heb “will stand up.”

[12:1]  ⁹ tn Or “from the beginning of a nation.”

[12:1]  ¹⁰ tn The words “whose names are” are added in the translation for stylistic reasons and for clarification.

[2:10]  ¹¹ tn Grk “for whom are all things and through whom are all things.”

[2:10]  ¹² sn The Greek word translated pioneer is used of a “prince” or leader, the representative head of a family. It also carries nuances of “trailblazer,” one who breaks through to new ground for those who follow him. It is used some thirty-five times in the Greek OT and four times in the NT, always of Christ (Acts 3:15; 5:31; Heb 2:10; 12:2).

[1:9]  ¹³ tn The word “even” is not in Greek; it is implied by the height of the contrast.

[1:9]  ¹⁴ sn According to Jewish intertestamental literature (such as 1 En. 20), Michael was one of seven archangels.

[1:9]  ¹⁵ tn The sentence structure is a bit different in Greek. Literally it reads: “But Michael the archangel, when arguing with the devil and disputing.”