Isaiah 63:10

63:10 But they rebelled and offended ¹  his holy Spirit, ² 

so he turned into an enemy

and fought against them.

Lamentations 2:4-5

ד (Dalet)

2:4 He prepared his bow ³  like an enemy;

his right hand was ready to shoot. ⁴ 

Like a foe he killed everyone,

even our strong young men; ⁵ 

he has poured out his anger like fire

on the tent ⁶  of Daughter Zion.

ה (He)

2:5 The Lord, ⁷  like an enemy,

destroyed ⁸  Israel.

He destroyed ⁹  all her palaces;

he ruined her ¹⁰  fortified cities.

He made everyone in Daughter Judah

mourn and lament. ¹¹ 

[63:10]  ¹ tn Or “grieved, hurt the feelings of.”

[63:10]  ² sn The phrase “holy Spirit” occurs in the OT only here (in v. 11 as well) and in Ps 51:11 (51:13 HT), where it is associated with the divine presence.

[2:4]  ³ tn Heb “bent His bow.” When the verb דָּרַךְ (darakh) is used with the noun קֶשֶׁת (qeshet, “archer-bow”), it means “to bend [a bow]” to string it in preparation for shooting arrows (1 Chr 5:18; 8:40; 2 Chr 14:7; Jer 50:14, 29; 51:3). This idiom is used figuratively to describe the assaults of the wicked (Pss 11:2; 37:14) and the judgments of the Lord (Ps 7:13; Lam 2:4; 3:12) (BDB 202 s.v. דָּרַךְ 4). The translation “he prepared his bow” is the slightly more general modern English idiomatic equivalent of the ancient Hebrew idiom “he bent his bow” – both refer to preparations to get ready to shoot arrows.

[2:4]  ⁴ tn Heb “His right hand is stationed.”

[2:4]  ⁵ tn Heb “the ones who were pleasing to the eye.”

[2:4]  ⁶ tn The singular noun אֹהֶל (’ohel, “tent”) may function as a collective, referring to all tents in Judah. A parallel expression occurs in verse 2 using the plural: “all the dwellings of Jacob” (כָּל־נְאוֹת יַעֲקֹב, kol-nÿ’ot ya’aqov). The singular “tent” matches the image of “Daughter Zion.” On the other hand, the singular “the tent of Daughter Zion” might be a hyperbolic synecdoche of container (= tent) for contents (= inhabitants of Zion).

[2:5]  ⁷ tc The MT reads אֲדֹנָי (’adonay, “the Lord”) here rather than יהוה (YHWH, “the Lord”). See the tc note at 1:14.

[2:5]  ⁸ tn Heb “swallowed up.”

[2:5]  ⁹ tn Heb “swallowed up.”

[2:5]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “his.” For consistency this has been translated as “her.”

[2:5]  ¹¹ tn Heb “He increased in Daughter Judah mourning and lamentation.”