Jeremiah 10:25

10:25 Vent your anger on the nations that do not acknowledge you. ¹ 

Vent it on the peoples ²  who do not worship you. ³ 

For they have destroyed the people of Jacob. ⁴ 

They have completely destroyed them ⁵ 

and left their homeland in utter ruin.

Amos 8:4

8:4 Listen to this, you who trample ⁶  the needy,

and do away with ⁷  the destitute in the land.

Micah 3:2-3

3:2 yet you ⁸  hate what is good, ⁹ 

and love what is evil. ¹⁰ 

You flay my people’s skin ¹¹ 

and rip the flesh from their bones. ¹² 

3:3 You ¹³  devour my people’s flesh,

strip off their skin,

and crush their bones.

You chop them up like flesh in a pot ¹⁴  –

like meat in a kettle.

Galatians 5:15

5:15 However, if you continually bite and devour one another, ¹⁵  beware that you are not consumed ¹⁶  by one another.

[10:25]  ¹ tn Heb “know you.” For this use of the word “know” (יָדַע, yada’) see the note on 9:3.

[10:25]  ² tn Heb “tribes/clans.”

[10:25]  ³ tn Heb “who do not call on your name.” The idiom “to call on your name” (directed to God) refers to prayer (mainly) and praise. See 1 Kgs 18:24-26 and Ps 116:13, 17. Here “calling on your name” is parallel to “acknowledging you.” In many locations in the OT “name” is equivalent to the person. In the OT, the “name” reflected the person’s character (cf. Gen 27:36; 1 Sam 25:25) or his reputation (Gen 11:4; 2 Sam 8:13). To speak in a person’s name was to act as his representative or carry his authority (1 Sam 25:9; 1 Kgs 21:8). To call someone’s name over something was to claim it for one’s own (2 Sam 12:28).

[10:25]  ⁴ tn Heb “have devoured Jacob.”

[10:25]  ⁵ tn Or “have almost completely destroyed them”; Heb “they have devoured them and consumed them.” The figure of hyperbole is used here; elsewhere Jeremiah and God refer to the fact that they will not be completely consumed. See for example 4:27; 5:10, 18.

[8:4]  ⁶ tn See the note on the word “trample” in 2:7.

[8:4]  ⁷ tn Or “put an end to”; or “exterminate.”

[3:2]  ⁸ tn Heb “the ones who.”

[3:2]  ⁹ tn Or “good.”

[3:2]  ¹⁰ tn Or “evil.”

[3:2]  ¹¹ tn Heb “their skin from upon them.” The referent of the pronoun (“my people,” referring to Jacob and/or the house of Israel, with the Lord as the speaker) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:2]  ¹² tn Heb “and their flesh from their bones.”

[3:3]  ¹³ tn Heb “who.”

[3:3]  ¹⁴ tc The MT reads “and they chop up as in a pot.” The translation assumes an emendation of כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka’asher, “as”) to כִּשְׁאֵר (kish’er, “like flesh”).

[5:15]  ¹⁵ tn That is, “if you are harming and exploiting one another.” Paul’s metaphors are retained in most modern translations, but it is possible to see the meanings of δάκνω and κατεσθίω (daknw and katesqiw, L&N 20.26 and 88.145) as figurative extensions of the literal meanings of these terms and to translate them accordingly. The present tenses here are translated as customary presents (“continually…”).

[5:15]  ¹⁶ tn Or “destroyed.”