Jeremiah 13:26

13:26 So I will pull your skirt up over your face

and expose you to shame like a disgraced adulteress! ¹ 

Isaiah 3:17

3:17 So ²  the sovereign master ³  will afflict the foreheads of Zion’s women ⁴  with skin diseases, ⁵ 

the Lord will make the front of their heads bald.” ⁶ 

Isaiah 20:4

20:4 so the king of Assyria will lead away the captives of Egypt and the exiles of Cush, both young and old. They will be in undergarments and barefoot, with the buttocks exposed; the Egyptians will be publicly humiliated. ⁷ 

Isaiah 47:2-3

47:2 Pick up millstones and grind flour!

Remove your veil,

strip off your skirt,

expose your legs,

cross the streams!

47:3 Let your private parts be exposed!

Your genitals will be on display! ⁸ 

I will get revenge;

I will not have pity on anyone,” ⁹ 

Lamentations 1:8

ח (Khet)

1:8 Jerusalem committed terrible sin; ¹⁰ 

therefore she became an object of scorn. ¹¹ 

All who admired ¹²  her have despised her ¹³ 

because they have seen her nakedness. ¹⁴ 

She groans aloud ¹⁵ 

and turns away in shame. ¹⁶ 

Ezekiel 16:37-39

16:37 therefore, take note: I am about to gather all your lovers whom you enjoyed, both all those you loved and all those you hated. I will gather them against you from all around, and I will expose your nakedness to them, and they will see all your nakedness. ¹⁷  16:38 I will punish you as an adulteress and murderer deserves. ¹⁸  I will avenge your bloody deeds with furious rage. ¹⁹  16:39 I will give you into their hands and they will destroy your chambers and tear down your pavilions. They will strip you of your clothing and take your beautiful jewelry and leave you naked and bare.

Ezekiel 23:27-29

23:27 So I will put an end to your obscene conduct and your prostitution which you have practiced in the land of Egypt. ²⁰  You will not seek their help ²¹  or remember Egypt anymore.

23:28 “For this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look here, ²²  I am about to deliver you over to ²³  those whom you hate, to those with whom you were disgusted. 23:29 They will treat you with hatred, take away all you have labored for, ²⁴  and leave you naked and bare. Your nakedness will be exposed, just as when you engaged in prostitution and obscene conduct. ²⁵ 

Hosea 2:3

2:3 Otherwise, I will strip her naked,

and expose her like she was when she was born.

I will turn her land into a wilderness

and make her country a parched land,

so that I might kill ²⁶  her with thirst.

Hosea 2:10

2:10 Soon ²⁷  I will expose her lewd nakedness ²⁸  in front of her lovers,

and no one will be able to rescue her from me! ²⁹ 

Nahum 3:5

3:5 I am against you,” declares the Lord who commands armies. ³⁰ 

“I will strip off your clothes! ³¹ 

I will show your nakedness to the nations

and your shame to the kingdoms;

[13:26]  ¹ tn Heb “over your face and your shame will be seen.” The words “like a disgraced adulteress” are not in the text but are supplied in the translation to explain the metaphor. See the notes on 13:22.

[3:17]  ² tn In the Hebrew text vv. 16-17 and one long sentence, “Because the daughters of Zion are proud and walk…, the sovereign master will afflict….” In v. 17 the Lord refers to himself in the third person.

[3:17]  ³ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in v. 18 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[3:17]  ⁴ tn Heb “the daughters of Zion.”

[3:17]  ⁵ tn Or “a scab” (KJV, ASV); NIV, NCV, CEV “sores.”

[3:17]  ⁶ tn The precise meaning of this line is unclear because of the presence of the rare word פֹּת (pot). Since the verb in the line means “lay bare, make naked,” some take פֹּת as a reference to the genitals (cf. KJV, ASV, NRSV, CEV). (In 1 Kgs 7:50 a noun פֹּת appears, with the apparent meaning “socket.”) J. N. Oswalt (Isaiah [NICOT], 1:139, n. 2), basing his argument on alleged Akkadian evidence and the parallelism of the verse, takes פֹּת as “forehead.”

[20:4]  ⁷ tn Heb “lightly dressed and barefoot, and bare with respect to the buttocks, the nakedness of Egypt.”

[47:3]  ⁸ tn Heb “Your shame will be seen.” In this context “shame” is a euphemism referring to the genitals.

[47:3]  ⁹ tn Heb “I will not meet a man.” The verb פָּגַע (pagah) apparently carries the nuance “meet with kindness” here (cf. 64:5, and see BDB 803 s.v. Qal.2).

[1:8]  ¹⁰ tc The MT reads חֵטְא (khet’, “sin”), but the BHS editors suggest the vocalization חָטֹא (khato’, “sin”), Qal infinitive absolute.

[1:8]  ¹¹ tn Heb “she has become an object of head-nodding” (לְנִידָה הָיָתָה, lÿniydah hayatah). This reflects the ancient Near Eastern custom of shaking the head in scorn (e.g., Jer 18:16; Ps 44:15 [HT 14]), hence the translation “object of scorn.” There is debate whether נִידָה (nidah) means (1) “object of head-shaking” from נוּד (nud, “to shake,” BDB 626-27 s.v. נוּד); (2) “unclean thing” from נָדַה (nadah, “to be impure”); or (3) “wanderer” from נָדַד (nadad, “to wander,” BDB 622 s.v. I נָדַד). The LXX and Rashi connected it to נָדַד (nadad, “to wander”); however, several important early Greek recensions (Aquila and Symmachus) and Syriac translated it as “unclean thing.” The modern English versions are split: (1) “unclean thing” (NASB); “unclean” (NIV); (2) “a mockery” (NRSV).

[1:8]  ¹² sn The Piel participle of כָּבֵד (kaved) is infrequent and usually translated formulaically as those who honor someone. The feminine nuance may be best represented as “her admirers have despised her.”

[1:8]  ¹³ tn The verb הִזִּילוּהָ (hizziluha) is generally understood as a rare form of Hiphil perfect 3rd person common plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix from I זָלַל (zalal, “to despise”): “they despise her.” This follows the I nun (ן) pattern with daghesh (dot) in zayin (ז) rather than the expected geminate pattern הִזִילּוּהָ (hizilluha) with daghesh in lamed (ל) (GKC 178-79 §67.l).

[1:8]  ¹⁴ sn The expression have seen her nakedness is a common metaphor to describe the plunder and looting of a city by a conquering army, probably drawn on the ignominious and heinous custom of raping the women of a conquered city as well.

[1:8]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “groan” or “sigh.” The verb אָנַח (’anakh, appearing only in Niphal) means “sigh” (BDB 58 s.v. 1) or “groan” (HALOT 70-71 s.v.) as an expression of grief (Prov 29:2; Isa 24:7; Lam 1:4, 8; Ezek 9:4; 21:11). The word גַּם (gam) is usually a particle meaning “also,” but has been shown from Ugaritic to have the meaning “aloud.” See T. McDaniel, “Philological Studies in Lamentations, I-II,” Bib 49 (1968): 31-32.

[1:8]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and turns backward.”

[16:37]  ¹⁷ sn Harlots suffered degradation when their nakedness was exposed (Jer 13:22, 26; Hos 2:12; Nah 3:5).

[16:38]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “and I will judge you (with) the judgments of adulteresses and of those who shed blood.”

[16:38]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and I will give you the blood of rage and zeal.”

[23:27]  ²⁰ tn Heb “I will cause your obscene conduct to cease from you and your harlotry from the land of Egypt.”

[23:27]  ²¹ tn Heb “lift your eyes to them.”

[23:28]  ²² tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[23:28]  ²³ tn Heb “I am giving you into the hand of.”

[23:29]  ²⁴ tn The Hebrew term means “labor,” but by extension it can also refer to that for which one works.

[23:29]  ²⁵ tn Heb “The nakedness of your prostitution will be exposed, and your obscene conduct and your harlotry.”

[2:3]  ²⁶ tn Heb “and kill her with thirst.” The vav prefixed to the verb (וַהֲמִתִּיהָ, vahamittiha) introduces a purpose/result clause: “in order to make her die of thirst” (purpose) or “and thus make her die of thirst” (result).

[2:10]  ²⁷ tn The particle עַתָּה (’attah) often refers to the imminent or the impending future: “very soon” (BDB 774 s.v. עַתָּה 1.b). In Hosea it normally introduces imminent judgment (Hos 2:12; 4:16; 5:7; 8:8, 13; 10:2).

[2:10]  ²⁸ tn Heb “her lewdness” (so KJV, NIV); NAB, NRSV “her shame.”

[2:10]  ²⁹ tn Heb “out of my hand” (so NAB, NASB, NRSV); TEV “save her from my power.”

[3:5]  ³⁰ tn Traditionally, “the Lord of hosts.” See the note on the expression “the Lord who commands armies” in 2:13.

[3:5]  ³¹ tn Heb “I will uncover your skirts over your face.”