Jeremiah 48:39

48:39 Oh, how shattered Moab will be!

Oh, how her people will wail!

Oh, how she will turn away ¹  in shame!

Moab will become an object of ridicule,

a terrifying sight to all the nations that surround her.”

Psalms 2:4

2:4 The one enthroned ²  in heaven laughs in disgust; ³ 

the Lord taunts ⁴  them.

Psalms 59:8

59:8 But you, O Lord, laugh in disgust at them; ⁵ 

you taunt ⁶  all the nations.

Lamentations 1:21

ש (Sin/Shin)

1:21 They have heard ⁷  that I groan,

yet there is no one to comfort me.

All my enemies have heard of my trouble;

they are glad that you ⁸  have brought it about. ⁹ 

Bring about ¹⁰  the day of judgment ¹¹  that you promised ¹² 

so that ¹³  they may end up ¹⁴  like me!

Ezekiel 23:32

23:32 “This is what the sovereign Lord says: “You will drink your sister’s deep and wide cup; ¹⁵  you will be scorned and derided, for it holds a great deal.

[48:39]  ¹ tn Heb “turn her back.”

[2:4]  ² tn Heb “sitting.” The Hebrew verb יָשַׁב (yashav) is here used metonymically of “sitting enthroned” (see Pss 9:7; 29:10; 55:19; 102:12; 123:1).

[2:4]  ³ tn As the next line indicates, this refers to derisive laughter. The Hebrew imperfect verbal forms in vv. 4-5 describe the action from the perspective of an eyewitness who is watching the divine response as it unfolds before his eyes.

[2:4]  ⁴ tn Or “scoffs at”; “derides”; “mocks.”

[59:8]  ⁵ sn Laugh in disgust. See Pss 2:4; 37:13.

[59:8]  ⁶ tn Or “scoff at”; or “deride”; or “mock” (see Ps 2:4).

[1:21]  ⁷ tc The MT reads שָׁמְעוּ (sham’u, “They heard”), Qal perfect 3rd person common plural from שָׁמַע (shama’, “to hear”). The LXX ἀκούσατε (akousate) reflects the vocalization שִׁמְעוּ (shim’u, “Hear!”), Qal imperative 2nd person masculine plural from שָׁמַע (shama’, “to hear”). Internal evidence favors the MT. Elsewhere in Lamentations, personified Jerusalem urges God with singular imperatives (“Look! See!”); however, nowhere else is a plural imperative used. In fact, the Qal perfect 3rd person common plural form שָׁמְעוּ (sham’u, “They hear”) appears in the following line. The referent of שָׁמְעוּ (sham’u) is the enemy who has destroyed Jerusalem and now mocks her when they hear her laments. The MT vocalization is undoubtedly original. Most English versions follow the MT: “They hear” (KJV, NKJV, NASB, NIV, NJPS, CEV); but several follow the LXX and revocalize the text as an imperative: “Hear!” (RSV, NRSV, TEV).

[1:21]  ⁸ tn “You” here and in the following line refers to the Lord.

[1:21]  ⁹ tn Heb “that You have done it.”

[1:21]  ¹⁰ tn The verb הֵבֵאתָ (heve’ta) Hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular from בּוֹא (bo’, “to bring” in the Hiphil) probably functions, not as a simple past-time perfect, but as a precative perfect, an unusual volitional nuance similar to the imperative of request. The precative is used in reference to situations the speaker prays for and expects to be realized; it is a prayer or request of confidence (e.g., 2 Sam 7:29; Job 21:16; 22:18; Pss 3:8; 4:2; 7:7; 22:22; 31:5-6; 71:3; Lam 1:21). See IBHS 494-95 §30.5.4c, d. This volitional precative nuance is reflected in the Syriac Peshitta which translates this verb using an imperative. Most English versions adopt the precative nuance: “Bring on the day you have announced” (NRSV), “Oh, that Thou wouldst bring the day which Thou hast proclaimed” (NASB), “May you bring the day you have announced” (NIV), “Bring the day you promised” (TEV), “Oh, bring on them what befell me!” (NJPS), “Hurry and punish them, as you have promised” (CEV). A few English versions adopt a prophetic perfect future-time nuance: “thou wilt bring the day that thou hast called” (KJV, NKJV, ASV).

[1:21]  ¹¹ tn The term יוֹם (yom, “day”) is often used as a metonymy of association, standing for the event associated with that particular time period: judgment (e.g., Isa 2:12; 13:6, 9; Jer 46:10; Lam 2:22; Ezek 13:5; 30:3; Amos 5:18, 20; Obad 15; Zeph 1:7, 14; Zech 14:1; Mal 3:23) (BDB 399 s.v. 3).

[1:21]  ¹² tn Heb “proclaimed.”

[1:21]  ¹³ tn Heb “and.” Following a volitive use of the perfect, the vav (ו) prefixed to וְיִהְיוּ (vÿyihyu, “and let it be!”) introduces a purpose/result clause in a dependent volitive construction: “so that they may be like me!”

[1:21]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “that they be like me.”

[23:32]  ¹⁵ sn The image of a deep and wide cup suggests the degree of punishment; it will be extensive and leave the victim helpless.