Discovery BoxJob 1:8-12
Context1:8 So the Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered 1 my servant Job? There 2 is no one like him on the earth, a pure and upright man, one who fears God and turns away 3 from evil.”
1:9 Then Satan answered the Lord, “Is it for nothing that Job fears God? 4 1:10 Have you 5 not made a hedge 6 around him and his household and all that he has on every side? You have blessed 7 the work of his hands, and his livestock 8 have increased 9 in the land. 1:11 But 10 extend your hand and strike 11 everything he has, and he will no doubt 12 curse you 13 to your face!”
1:12 So the Lord said to Satan, “All right then, 14 everything he has is 15 in your power. 16 Only do not extend your hand against the man himself!” 17 So Satan went out 18 from the presence of the Lord. 19
Job 2:3-6
Context2:3 Then the Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant Job? For there is no one like him on the earth, a pure and upright man, one who fears God and turns away from evil. And he still holds firmly 20 to his integrity, 21 so that 22 you stirred me up to destroy him 23 without reason.” 24
2:4 But 25 Satan answered the Lord, “Skin for 26 skin! 27 Indeed, a man will give up 28 all that he has to save his life! 29 2:5 But extend your hand and strike his bone and his flesh, 30 and he will no doubt 31 curse you to your face!”
2:6 So the Lord said to Satan, “All right, 32 he is 33 in your power; 34 only preserve 35 his life.”
Job 21:27
Context21:27 “Yes, I know what you are thinking, 36
the schemes 37 by which you would wrong me. 38
Job 22:5-30
Context22:5 Is not your wickedness great 39
and is there no end to your iniquity?
22:6 “For you took pledges 40 from your brothers
for no reason,
and you stripped the clothing from the naked. 41
22:7 You gave the weary 42 no water to drink
and from the hungry you withheld food.
22:8 Although you were a powerful man, 43 owning land, 44
an honored man 45 living on it, 46
22:9 you sent widows away empty-handed,
and the arms 47 of the orphans you crushed. 48
22:10 That is why snares surround you,
and why sudden fear terrifies you,
22:11 why it is so dark you cannot see, 49
and why a flood 50 of water covers you.
22:12 “Is not God on high in heaven? 51
And see 52 the lofty stars, 53 how high they are!
22:13 But you have said, ‘What does God know?
Does he judge through such deep darkness? 54
22:14 Thick clouds are a veil for him, so he does not see us, 55
as he goes back and forth
in the vault 56 of heaven.’ 57
22:15 Will you keep to the old path 58
that evil men have walked –
22:16 men 59 who were carried off 60 before their time, 61
when the flood 62 was poured out 63
on their foundations? 64
22:17 They were saying to God, ‘Turn away from us,’
and ‘What can the Almighty do to us?’ 65
22:18 But it was he 66 who filled their houses
with good things –
yet the counsel of the wicked 67
was far from me. 68
22:19 The righteous see their destruction 69 and rejoice;
the innocent mock them scornfully, 70 saying,
22:20 ‘Surely our enemies 71 are destroyed,
and fire consumes their wealth.’
22:21 “Reconcile yourself 72 with God, 73
and be at peace 74 with him;
in this way your prosperity will be good.
22:22 Accept instruction 75 from his mouth
and store up his words 76 in your heart.
22:23 If you return to the Almighty, you will be built up; 77
if you remove wicked behavior far from your tent,
22:24 and throw 78 your gold 79 in the dust –
your gold 80 of Ophir
among the rocks in the ravines –
22:25 then the Almighty himself will be your gold, 81
and the choicest 82 silver for you.
22:26 Surely then you will delight yourself 83 in the Almighty,
and will lift up your face toward God.
22:27 You will pray to him and he will hear you,
and you will fulfill your vows to him. 84
22:28 Whatever you decide 85 on a matter,
it will be established for you,
and light will shine on your ways.
22:29 When people are brought low 86 and you say
‘Lift them up!’ 87
then he will save the downcast; 88
22:30 he will deliver even someone who is not innocent, 89
who will escape 90 through the cleanness of your hands.”
Job 32:3
Context32:3 With Job’s 91 three friends he was also angry, because they could not find 92 an answer, and so declared Job guilty. 93
Job 42:7
ContextVII. The Epilogue (42:7-17)
42:7 After the Lord had spoken these things to Job, he 94 said to Eliphaz the Temanite, “My anger is stirred up 95 against you and your two friends, because you have not spoken about me what is right, 96 as my servant Job has.
Ecclesiastes 9:1-2
Context9:1 So I reflected on all this, 97 attempting to clear 98 it all up.
I concluded that 99 the righteous and the wise, as well as their works, are in the hand of God;
whether a person will be loved or hated 100 –
no one knows what lies ahead. 101
9:2 Everyone shares the same fate 102 –
the righteous and the wicked,
the good and the bad, 103
the ceremonially clean and unclean,
those who offer sacrifices and those who do not.
What happens to the good person, also happens to the sinner; 104
what happens to those who make vows, also happens to those who are afraid to make vows.
Luke 13:2-5
Context13:2 He 105 answered them, “Do you think these Galileans were worse sinners 106 than all the other Galileans, because they suffered these things? 13:3 No, I tell you! But unless you repent, 107 you will all perish as well! 108 13:4 Or those eighteen who were killed 109 when the tower in Siloam fell on them, 110 do you think they were worse offenders than all the others who live in Jerusalem? 111 13:5 No, I tell you! But unless you repent 112 you will all perish as well!” 113
Acts 28:4
Context28:4 When the local people 114 saw the creature hanging from Paul’s 115 hand, they said to one another, “No doubt this man is a murderer! Although he has escaped from the sea, Justice herself 116 has not allowed him to live!” 117
[1:8] 1 tn The Hebrew has “have you placed your heart on Job?” This means “direct your mind to” (cf. BDB 963 s.v. I שׂוּם 2.b).
[1:8] 2 tn The Hebrew conjunction כִּי (ki) need not be translated in this case or it might be taken as emphatic (cf. IBHS 665 §39.3.4e): “Certainly there is no one like him.”
[1:8] 3 tn The same expressions that appeared at the beginning of the chapter appear here in the words of God. In contrast to that narrative report about Job, the emphasis here is on Job’s present character, and so the participle form is translated here asa gnomic or characteristic present (“turns”). It modifies “man” as one who is turning from evil.
[1:9] 4 tn The Hebrew form has the interrogative ה (he) on the adverb חִנָּם (khinnam, “gratis”), a derivative either of the verb חָנַן (khanan, “to be gracious, show favor”), or its related noun חֵן (khen, “grace, favor”). The adverb has the sense of “free; gratis; gratuitously; for nothing; for no reason” (see BDB 336 s.v. חִנָּם). The idea is that Satan does not disagree that Job is pious, but that Job is loyal to God because of what he receives from God. He will test the sincerity of Job.
[1:10] 5 tn The use of the independent personal pronoun here emphasizes the subject of the verb: “Have you not put up a hedge.”
[1:10] 6 tn The verb שׂוּךְ (sukh) means “to hedge or fence up, about” something (BDB 962 s.v. I שׂוּךְ). The original idea seems to have been to surround with a wall of thorns for the purpose of protection (E. Dhorme, Job, 7). The verb is an implied comparison between making a hedge and protecting someone.
[1:10] 7 sn Here the verb “bless” is used in one of its very common meanings. The verb means “to enrich,” often with the sense of enabling or empowering things for growth or fruitfulness. See further C. Westermann, Blessing in the Bible and the Life of the Church (OBT).
[1:10] 8 tn Or “substance.” The herds of livestock may be taken by metonymy of part for whole to represent possessions or prosperity in general.
[1:10] 9 tn The verb פָּרַץ (parats) means “to break through.” It has the sense of abundant increase, as in breaking out, overflowing (see also Gen 30:30 and Exod 1:12).
[1:11] 10 tn The particle אוּלָם (’ulam, “but”) serves to restrict the clause in relation to the preceding clause (IBHS 671-73 §39.3.5e, n. 107).
[1:11] 11 tn The force of the imperatives in this sentence are almost conditional – if God were to do this, then surely Job would respond differently.
[1:11] 12 sn The formula used in the expression is the oath formula: “if not to your face he will curse you” meaning “he will surely curse you to your face.” Satan is so sure that the piety is insincere that he can use an oath formula.
[1:11] 13 tn See the comments on Job 1:5. Here too the idea of “renounce” may fit well enough; but the idea of actually cursing God may not be out of the picture if everything Job has is removed. Satan thinks he will denounce God.
[1:12] 14 tn The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh, “behold”) introduces a foundational clause upon which the following volitional clause is based.
[1:12] 15 tn The versions add a verb here: “delivered to” or “abandoned to” the hand of Satan.
[1:12] 16 tn Heb “in your hand.” The idiom means that it is now Satan’s to do with as he pleases.
[1:12] 17 tn The Hebrew word order emphatically holds out Job’s person as the exception: “only upon him do not stretch forth your hand.”
[1:12] 18 tn The Targum to Job adds “with permission” to show that he was granted leave from God’s presence.
[1:12] 19 sn So Satan, having received his permission to test Job’s sincerity, goes out from the
[2:3] 20 tn The form is the Hiphil participle, “make strong, seize, hold fast.” It is the verbal use here; joined with עֹדֶנּוּ (’odennu, “yet he”) it emphasizes that “he is still holding firmly.” The testing has simply strengthened Job in his integrity.
[2:3] 21 tn This is the same word used to describe Job as “blameless, pure.” Here it carries the idea of “integrity”; Job remained blameless, perfect.
[2:3] 22 tn The vav (ו) with the preterite is used here to express the logical conclusion or consequence of what was stated previously. God is saying that Job has maintained his integrity, so that now it is clear that Satan moved against him groundlessly (GKC 328 §111.l).
[2:3] 23 tn The verb literally means “to swallow”; it forms an implied comparison in the line, indicating the desire of Satan to ruin him completely. See A Guillaume, “A Note on the Root bala`,” JTS 13 (1962): 320-23; and N. M. Sarna, “Epic Substratum in the Prose of Job,”JBL 76 (1957): 13-25, for a discussion of the Ugaritic deity Mot swallowing up the enemy.
[2:3] 24 sn Once again the adverb חִנָּם (khinnam, “gratis”) is used. It means “graciously, gratis, free, without cause, for no reason.” Here the sense has to be gratuitously, for no reason.” The point of the verb חָנַן (khanan, “to be gracious”) and its derivatives is that the action is undeserved. In fact, they would deserve the opposite. Sinners seeking grace deserve punishment. Here, Job deserves reward, not suffering.
[2:4] 25 tn The form is the simply preterite with the vav (ו) consecutive. However, the speech of Satan is in contrast to what God said, even though in narrative sequence.
[2:4] 26 tn The preposition בְּעַד (bÿ’ad) designates interest or advantage arising from the idea of protection for (“for the benefit of”); see IBHS 201-2 §11.2.7a.
[2:4] 27 sn The meaning of the expression is obscure. It may come from the idea of sacrificing an animal or another person in order to go free, suggesting the expression that one type of skin that was worth less was surrendered to save the more important life. Satan would then be saying that Job was willing for others to die for him to go free, but not himself. “Skin” would be a synecdoche of the part for the whole (like the idiomatic use of skin today for a person in a narrow escape). The second clause indicates that God has not even scratched the surface because Job has been protected. His “skin” might have been scratched, but not his flesh and bone! But if his life had been put in danger, he would have responded differently.
[2:4] 28 tc The LXX has “make full payment, pay a full price” (LSJ 522 s.v. ἐκτίνω).
[2:4] 29 tn Heb “Indeed, all that a man has he will give for his life.”
[2:5] 30 sn The “bones and flesh” are idiomatic for the whole person, his physical and his psychical/spiritual being (see further H. W. Wolff, Anthropology of the Old Testament, 26-28).
[2:5] 31 sn This is the same oath formula found in 1:11; see the note there.
[2:6] 32 tn The particle הִנּוֹ (hinno) is literally, “here he is!” God presents Job to Satan, with the restriction on preserving Job’s life.
[2:6] 33 tn The LXX has “I deliver him up to you.”
[2:6] 35 sn The irony of the passage comes through with this choice of words. The verb שָׁמַר (shamar) means “to keep; to guard; to preserve.” The exceptive clause casts Satan in the role of a savior – he cannot destroy this life but must protect it.
[21:27] 36 tn The word is “your thoughts.” The word for “thoughts” (from חָצַב [khatsav, “to think; to reckon; to plan”]) has more to do with their intent than their general thoughts. He knows that when they talked about the fate of the wicked they really were talking about him.
[21:27] 37 tn For the meaning of this word, and its root זָמַם (zamam), see Job 17:11. It usually means the “plans” or “schemes” that are concocted against someone.
[21:27] 38 tn E. Dhorme (Job, 321) distinguishes the verb חָמַס (khamas) from the noun for “violence.” He proposes a meaning of “think, imagine”: “and the ideas you imagined about me.”
[22:5] 39 tn The adjective רַבָּה (rabbah) normally has the idea of “great” in quantity (“abundant,” ESV) rather than “great” in quality.
[22:6] 40 tn The verb חָבַל (khaval) means “to take pledges.” In this verse Eliphaz says that Job not only took as pledge things the poor need, like clothing, but he did it for no reason.
[22:6] 41 tn The “naked” here refers to people who are poorly clothed. Otherwise, a reading like the NIV would be necessary: “you stripped the clothes…[leaving them] naked.” So either he made them naked by stripping their garments off, or they were already in rags.
[22:7] 42 tn The term עָיֵף (’ayef) can be translated “weary,” “faint,” “exhausted,” or “tired.” Here it may refer to the fainting because of thirst – that would make a good parallel to the second part.
[22:8] 43 tn The idiom is “a man of arm” (= “powerful”; see Ps 10:15). This is in comparison to the next line, “man of face” (= “dignity; high rank”; see Isa 3:5).
[22:8] 44 tn Heb “and a man of arm, to whom [was] land.” The line is in contrast to the preceding one, and so the vav here introduces a concessive clause.
[22:8] 45 tn The expression is unusual: “the one lifted up of face.” This is the “honored one,” the one to whom the dignity will be given.
[22:8] 46 tn Many commentators simply delete the verse or move it elsewhere. Most take it as a general reference to Job, perhaps in apposition to the preceding verse.
[22:9] 47 tn The “arms of the orphans” are their helps or rights on which they depended for support.
[22:9] 48 tn The verb in the text is Pual: יְדֻכָּא (yÿdukka’, “was [were] crushed”). GKC 388 §121.b would explain “arms” as the complement of a passive imperfect. But if that is too difficult, then a change to Piel imperfect, second person, will solve the difficulty. In its favor is the parallelism, the use of the second person all throughout the section, and the reading in all the versions. The versions may have simply assumed the easier reading, however.
[22:11] 49 tn Heb “or dark you cannot see.” Some commentators and the RSV follow the LXX in reading אוֹ (’o, “or”) as אוֹר (’or, “light”) and translate it “The light has become dark” or “Your light has become dark.” A. B. Davidson suggests the reading “Or seest thou not the darkness.” This would mean Job does not understand the true meaning of the darkness and the calamities.
[22:11] 50 tn The word שִׁפְעַת (shif’at) means “multitude of.” It is used of men, camels, horses, and here of waters in the heavens.
[22:12] 51 tn This reading preserves the text as it is. The nouns “high” and “heavens” would then be taken as adverbial accusatives of place (see GKC 373-74 §118.g).
[22:12] 52 tn The parallel passage in Isa 40:26-27, as well as the context here, shows that the imperative is to be retained here. The LXX has “he sees.”
[22:12] 53 tn Heb “head of the stars.”
[22:13] 54 sn Eliphaz is giving to Job the thoughts and words of the pagans, for they say, “How does God know, and is there knowledge in the Most High?” (see Ps 73:11; 94:11).
[22:14] 55 tn Heb “and he does not see.” The implied object is “us.”
[22:14] 56 sn The word is “circle; dome”; here it is the dome that covers the earth, beyond which God sits enthroned. A. B. Davidson (Job, 165) suggests “on the arch of heaven” that covers the earth.
[22:14] 57 sn The idea suggested here is that God is not only far off, but he is unconcerned as he strolls around heaven – this is what Eliphaz says Job means.
[22:15] 58 tn The “old path” here is the way of defiance to God. The text in these two verses is no doubt making reference to the flood in Genesis, one of the perennial examples of divine judgment.
[22:16] 59 tn The word “men” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the relative pronoun “who.”
[22:16] 60 tn The verb קָמַט (qamat) basically means “to seize; to tie together to make a bundle.” So the Pual will mean “to be bundled away; to be carried off.”
[22:16] 61 tn The clause has “and [it was] not the time.” It may be used adverbially here.
[22:16] 62 tn The word is נָהַר (nahar, “river” or “current”); it is taken here in its broadest sense of the waters on the earth that formed the current of the flood (Gen 7:6, 10).
[22:16] 63 tn The verb יָצַק (yatsaq) means “to pour out; to shed; to spill; to flow.” The Pual means “to be poured out” (as in Lev 21:10 and Ps 45:3).
[22:16] 64 tn This word is then to be taken as an adverbial accusative of place. Another way to look at this verse is what A. B. Davidson (Job, 165) proposes “whose foundation was poured away and became a flood.” This would mean that that on which they stood sank away.
[22:17] 65 tn The form in the text is “to them.” The LXX and the Syriac versions have “to us.”
[22:18] 66 tn The pronoun is added for this emphasis; it has “but he” before the verb.
[22:18] 68 tc The LXX has “from him,” and this is followed by several commentators. But the MT is to be retained, for Eliphaz is recalling the words of Job. Verses 17 and 18 are deleted by a number of commentators as a gloss because they have many similarities to 21:14-16. But Eliphaz is recalling what Job said, in order to say that the prosperity to which Job alluded was only the prelude to a disaster he denied (H. H. Rowley, Job [NCBC], 156).
[22:19] 69 tn The line is talking about the rejoicing of the righteous when judgment falls on the wicked. An object (“destruction”) has to be supplied here to clarify this (see Pss 52:6 [8]; 69:32 [33]; 107:42).
[22:19] 70 sn In Ps 2:4 it was God who mocked the wicked by judging them.
[22:20] 71 tc The word translated “our enemies” is found only here. The word means “hostility,” but used here as a collective for those who are hostile – “enemies.” Some commentators follow the LXX and read “possessions,” explaining its meaning and derivation in different ways. Gordis simply takes the word in the text and affirms that this is the meaning. On the other hand, to get this, E. Dhorme (Job, 336) repoints קִימָנוּ (qimanu) of the MT to יְקוּמַם (yÿqumam), arguing that יְקוּם (yÿqum) means “what exists [or has substance]” (although that is used of animals). He translates: “have not their possessions been destroyed.”
[22:21] 72 tn The verb סָכַן (sakhan) meant “to be useful; to be profitable” in v. 2. Now, in the Hiphil it means “to be accustomed to” or “to have experience with.” Joined by the preposition “with” it means “to be reconciled with him.” W. B. Bishai cites Arabic and Ugaritic words to support a meaning “acquiesce” (“Notes on hskn in Job 22:21,” JNES 20 [1961]: 258-59).
[22:21] 73 tn Heb “him”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:21] 74 tn The two imperatives in this verse imply a relationship of succession and not consequence.
[22:22] 75 tn The Hebrew word here is תּוֹרָה (torah), its only occurrence in the book of Job.
[22:22] 76 tc M. Dahood has “write his words” (“Metaphor in Job 22:22,” Bib 47 [1966]: 108-9).
[22:23] 77 tc The MT has “you will be built up” (תִּבָּנֶה, tibbaneh). But the LXX has “humble yourself” (reading תְּעַנֶּה [tÿ’anneh] apparently). Many commentators read this; Dahood has “you will be healed.”
[22:24] 78 tc The form is the imperative. Eliphaz is telling Job to get rid of his gold as evidence of his repentance. Many commentators think that this is too improbable for Eliphaz to have said, and that Job has lost everything anyway, and so they make proposals for the text. Most would follow Theodotion and the Syriac to read וְשָׁתָּ (vÿshatta, “and you will esteem….”). This would mean that he is promising Job restoration of his wealth.
[22:24] 79 tn The word for “gold” is the rare בֶּצֶר (betser), which may be derived from a cognate of Arabic basara, “to see; to examine.” If this is the case, the word here would refer to refined gold. The word also forms a fine wordplay with בְצוּר (bÿtsur, “in the rock”).
[22:24] 80 tn The Hebrew text simply has “Ophir,” a metonymy for the gold that comes from there.
[22:25] 81 tn The form for “gold” here is plural, which could be a plural of extension. The LXX and Latin versions have “The Almighty will be your helper against your enemies.”
[22:25] 82 tn E. Dhorme (Job, 339) connects this word with an Arabic root meaning “to be elevated, steep.” From that he gets “heaps of silver.”
[22:26] 83 tc This is the same verb as in Ps 37:4. G. R. Driver suggests the word comes from another root that means “abandon oneself to, depend on” (“Problems in the Hebrew text of Job,” VTSup 3 [1955]: 84).
[22:27] 84 tn The words “to him” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.
[22:28] 85 tn The word is גָּזַר (gazar, “to cut”), in the sense of deciding a matter.
[22:29] 86 tn There is no expressed subject here, and so the verb is taken as a passive voice again.
[22:29] 87 tn The word גֵּוָה (gevah) means “loftiness; pride.” Here it simply says “up,” or “pride.” The rest is paraphrased. Of the many suggestions, the following provide a sampling: “It is because of pride” (ESV), “he abases pride” (H. H. Rowley); “[he abases] the lofty and the proud” (Beer); “[he abases] the word of pride” [Duhm]; “[he abases] the haughtiness of pride” [Fohrer and others]; “[he abases] the one who speaks proudly” [Weiser]; “[he abases] the one who boasts in pride” [Kissane]; and “God [abases] pride” [Budde, Gray].
[22:29] 88 tn Or “humble”; Heb “the lowly of eyes.”
[22:30] 89 tc The Hebrew has אִי־נָקִי (’i naqi), which could be taken as “island of the innocent” (so Ibn-Ezra), or “him that is not innocent” (so Rashi). But some have changed אִי (’i) to אִישׁ (’ish, “the innocent man”). Others differ: A. Guillaume links אִי (’i) to Arabic ‘ayya “whosoever,” and so leaves the text alone. M. Dahood secures the same idea from Ugaritic, but reads it אֵי (’e).
[22:30] 90 tc The MT has “he will escape [or be delivered].” Theodotion has the second person, “you will be delivered.”
[32:3] 91 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Job) has been specified in the translation to indicate whose friends they were.
[32:3] 92 tn The perfect verb should be given the category of potential perfect here.
[32:3] 93 tc This is one of the eighteen “corrections of the scribes” (tiqqune sopherim); it originally read, “and they declared God [in the wrong].” The thought was that in abandoning the debate they had conceded Job’s point.
[42:7] 94 tn Heb “the
[42:7] 95 tn Heb “is kindled.”
[42:7] 96 tn The form נְכוֹנָה (nÿkhonah) is from כּוּן (kun, “to be firm; to be fixed; to be established”). Here it means “the right thing” or “truth.” The Akkadian word kenu (from כּוּן, kun) connotes justice and truth.
[9:1] 97 tn Heb “I laid all this to my heart.”
[9:1] 98 tn The term וְלָבוּר (velavur, conjunction + Qal infinitive construct from בּוּר, bur, “to make clear”) denotes “to examine; to make clear; to clear up; to explain” (HALOT 116 s.v. בור; BDB 101 s.v. בּוּר). The term is related to Arabic baraw “to examine” (G. R. Driver, “Supposed Arabisms in the Old Testament,” JBL 55 [1936]: 108). This verb is related to the Hebrew noun בֹּר (bor, “cleanness”) and adjective בַּר (bar, “clean”). The term is used in the OT only in Ecclesiastes (1:13; 2:3; 7:25; 9:1). This use of the infinitive has a connotative sense (“attempting to”), and functions in a complementary sense, relative to the main verb.
[9:1] 99 tn The words “I concluded that” do not appear in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for clarity.
[9:1] 100 tn Heb “whether love or hatred.”
[9:1] 101 tn Heb “man does not know anything before them.”
[9:2] 102 tn Heb “all things just as to everyone, one fate.”
[9:2] 103 tc The MT reads simply “the good,” but the Greek versions read “the good and the bad.” In contrast to the other four pairs in v. 2 (“the righteous and the wicked,” “those who sacrifice, and those who do not sacrifice,” “the good man…the sinner,” and “those who make vows…those who are afraid to make vows”), the MT has a triad in the second line: לַטּוֹב וְלַטָּהוֹר וְלַטָּמֵא (lattov vÿlattahor vÿlattame’, “the good, and the clean, and the unclean”). This reading in the Leningrad Codex (ca.
[9:2] 104 tn Heb “As is the good (man), so is the sinner.”
[13:2] 105 tn Grk “And he.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
[13:2] 106 sn Jesus did not want his hearers to think that tragedy was necessarily a judgment on these people because they were worse sinners.
[13:3] 107 sn Jesus was stressing that all stand at risk of death, if they do not repent and receive life.
[13:3] 108 tn Or “you will all likewise perish,” but this could be misunderstood to mean that they would perish by the same means as the Galileans. Jesus’ point is that apart from repentance all will perish.
[13:4] 109 tn Grk “on whom the tower in Siloam fell and killed them.” This relative clause embedded in a prepositional phrase is complex in English and has been simplified to an adjectival and a temporal clause in the translation.
[13:4] 110 sn Unlike the previous event, when the tower in Siloam fell on them, it was an accident of fate. It raised the question, however, “Was this a judgment?”
[13:4] 111 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[13:5] 112 sn Jesus’ point repeats v. 3. The circumstances make no difference. All must deal with the reality of what death means.
[13:5] 113 tn Grk “similarly.”
[28:4] 114 tn Although this is literally βάρβαροι (barbaroi; “foreigners, barbarians”) used for non-Greek or non-Romans, as BDAG 166 s.v. βάρβαρος 2.b notes, “Of the inhabitants of Malta, who apparently spoke in their native language Ac 28:2, 4 (here β. certainly without derogatory tone…).”
[28:4] 115 tn Grk “his”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[28:4] 116 tn That is, the goddess Justice has not allowed him to live. BDAG 250 s.v. δίκη 2 states, “Justice personified as a deity Ac 28:4”; L&N 12.27, “a goddess who personifies justice in seeking out and punishing the guilty – ‘the goddess Justice.’ ἡ δίκη ζῆν οὐκ εἴασεν ‘the goddess Justice would not let him live’ Ac 28:4.” Although a number of modern English translations have rendered δίκη (dikh) “justice,” preferring to use an abstraction, in the original setting it is almost certainly a reference to a pagan deity. In the translation, the noun “justice” was capitalized and the reflexive pronoun “herself” was supplied to make the personification clear. This was considered preferable to supplying a word like ‘goddess’ in connection with δίκη.
[28:4] 117 sn The entire scene is played out initially as a kind of oracle from the gods resulting in the judgment of a guilty person (Justice herself has not allowed him to live). Paul’s survival of this incident without ill effects thus spoke volumes about his innocence.
