Discovery BoxJoel 3:2
Context3:2 Then I will gather all the nations,
and bring them down to the valley of Jehoshaphat. 1
I will enter into judgment 2 against them there
concerning my people Israel who are my inheritance, 3
whom they scattered among the nations.
They partitioned my land,
Joel 3:11-14
Context3:11 Lend your aid 4 and come,
all you surrounding nations,
and gather yourselves 5 to that place.”
Bring down, O Lord, your warriors! 6
3:12 Let the nations be roused and let them go up
to the valley of Jehoshaphat,
for there I will sit in judgment on all the surrounding nations.
3:13 Rush forth with 7 the sickle, for the harvest is ripe!
Come, stomp the grapes, 8 for the winepress is full!
The vats overflow.
Indeed, their evil is great! 9
3:14 Crowds, great crowds are in the valley of decision,
for the day of the Lord is near in the valley of decision! 10
Revelation 16:16
Context16:16 Now 11 the spirits 12 gathered the kings and their armies 13 to the place that is called Armageddon 14 in Hebrew.
[3:2] 1 sn There is a play on words here. Jehoshaphat in Hebrew means “the Lord has judged,” and the next line in v. 2 further explicates this thought. The location of this valley is uncertain (cf. v. 12). Many interpreters have understood the Valley of Jehoshaphat to be the Kidron Valley, located on the east side of old Jerusalem. Since this is described as a scene of future messianic activity and judgment, many Jews and Muslims have desired to be buried in the vicinity, a fact attested to in modern times by the presence of many graves in the area. A variation of this view is mentioned by Eusebius, Onomasticon 1:10. According to this view, the Valley of Jehoshaphat is located in the Hinnom Valley, on the south side of the old city. Yet another view is held by many modern scholars, who understand the reference to this valley to be one of an idealized and nonliteral scene of judgment.
[3:2] 2 tn Heb “I will execute judgment.”
[3:2] 3 tn Heb “concerning my people and my inheritance Israel.”
[3:11] 4 tn This Hebrew verb is found only here in the OT; its meaning is uncertain. Some scholars prefer to read here עוּרוּ (’uru, “arouse”) or חוּשׁוּ (khushu, “hasten”).
[3:11] 5 tc The present translation follows the reading of the imperative הִקָּבְצוּ (hiqqavÿtsu) rather than the perfect with vav (ו) consecutive וְנִקְבָּצוּ (vÿniqbbatsu) of the MT.
[3:11] 6 tc Some commentators prefer to delete the line “Bring down, O
[3:13] 8 tn Heb “go down” or “tread.” The Hebrew term רְדוּ (rÿdu) may be from יָרַד (yarad, “to go down”) or from רָדָה (radah, “have dominion,” here in the sense of “to tread”). If it means “go down,” the reference would be to entering the vat to squash the grapes. If it means “tread,” the verb would refer specifically to the action of those who walk over the grapes to press out their juice. The phrase “the grapes” is supplied in the translation for clarity.
[3:13] 9 sn The immediacy of judgment upon wickedness is likened to the urgency required for a harvest that has reached its pinnacle of development. When the harvest is completely ripe, there can be no delay by the reapers in gathering the harvest. In a similar way, Joel envisions a time when human wickedness will reach such a heightened degree that there can be no further stay of divine judgment (cf. the “fullness of time” language in Gal 4:4).
[3:14] 10 sn The decision referred to here is not a response on the part of the crowd, but the verdict handed out by the divine judge.
[16:16] 11 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the resumption and conclusion of the remarks about the pouring out of the sixth bowl.
[16:16] 12 tn Grk “they”; the referent (the demonic spirits, v. 14) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:16] 13 tn Grk “gathered them”; the referent (the kings and [implied] their armies, v. 14) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:16] 14 tc There are many variations in the spelling of this name among the Greek
